欧洲文化入门(五)The 17th Century西北大学外国语学院胡宗锋教授11月15日I. General Introduction?1. Advance in science, in astronomy,physics and pure mathematics.? 2. The outlook of educated men was transformed.? 3. The newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie. Bertrand Russell Said:The modern world, as far as mental outlooks is concerned, begins in the seventeenth . Sciencea breakthrough in physics and mathematics in the 17th century Chemistry in 18th century Biology in 19th century Psychology in 20th century ics in 21th century1. From Copernicus to Kepler??. Nicolaus Nicolaus Copernicus Copernicus哥白尼哥白尼((1473-1543)1473-1543)?伟大的波兰天文学家Polish astronomer?推翻托勒密(Ptolemy)的“地心说”(Geocentric Theory)创立“日心说”(heliocentric theory) ?近代天文学的奠基人?The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs《天体运行论》Science“地心说”Geocentric Theory“日心说”heliocentric theoryNicolaus Copernicus哥白尼(1473-1543)?哥白尼的学说不仅改变了那个时代人类对宇宙的认识,而且根本动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论基础。Nicolaus Copernicus哥白尼(1473-1543)?恩格斯的评价:?“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”(The emancipation of natural science from theology dates from this act)?“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”(Thence forward, the development of the sciences proceeded with giantstrides.)
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