词汇学复习资料.docx

Episode 1: A General Survey of Word
1. Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2. Vocabulary --- Vocabulary is monly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.
The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 2 million words.
3. Content word (notional word) --- denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.
4. Borrowed words (loan words, borrowing) --- words taken over from foreign language are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.
According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan words under 4 classes: Denizens, Aliens, translation loans, Semantic loans
5. Semantic loans ---are not borrowed with reference to the form, but their meaning are borrowed from another language. In other words, English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in language. . stupid old dump
6. Reference– the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (includi