护理分级解读.pptx

fever
Yu-Hong Jia,
Department of pathophysiology
Dalian medical university
Fever is plicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.
Concept of fever
T>37℃
T<37℃
thermostasis
Heat loss
(sweet gland, respiration,
blood vessel of skin)
Heat production
(skeletal muscle, liver,
thyroid, adrenal gland)
Thermoregulatory center
In hypothalamus
Set point
37℃
thermoreceptor
Afferent N
Efferent N
Efferent N
Normal thermoregulation
Fever and ↑ core body temperature
fever→↑ core body temperature
↑ core body temperature→fever
hyperthermia:minority
(body temperature> set point)
Physiological body temperature elevation
Pathological body temperature elevation
fever: majority
(body temperature=set point)
↑ core body temperature
(>℃)
·
Physiological body temperature elevation
Normal body temperature: 37oC (set point, SP)
The difference among different part of body: rectum(~C) >oral(~C)> armpit( 36~C)
Difference between day and night <1 C : body temperature in afternoon > in morning
Difference between individual< 1 C :young>old
Physiological body temperature elevation
Severe exercise, dining, before menstruation, during pregnancy →body temperature increase slightly
hyperthermia
concept:hyperthermia is described as the elevation of body temperature that occurs without changes of the set point in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.
Seen in:
Dysfunction of thermoregulatory center
Heat stroke due to ichthyosis of skin or environmental high temperature
hyperthyroidism
comparision between fever and hyperthermia
fever
hyperthermia
Due to effect of pyrogen
Set point upper shift
Thermoregulatory function is normal
Body temperature is equal to the level of set point
Regulated elevation of body temperature
Active elevation of body temperature
Infection of a