Public Goods mon Resources 公共物品和共有资源
Chapter 11
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咦!
为什么食堂的免费汤去晚了就没了?
为什么我们的学生宿舍总是不如家里干净?
为什么宿舍的保温瓶里经常缺水?
为什么?
“The best things in life are free. . .” 生活中最美好的事物都是免费的
Free goods provide a special challenge for economic analysis
免费品是对经济分析的挑战
Most goods in our economy are allocated in markets…
多数商品是在市场中进行配置的
…for these goods, prices are the signals that guide the decisions of buyers and ,价格是引导买卖双方决策的信号
“The best things in life are free. . .” 生活中最美好的事物都是免费的
When goods are available free of charge, the market forces that normally allocate resources in our economy are absent.
当商品可以免费获得时(价格不存在时),经济中配置资源的市场力量就不存在了。
“The best things in life are free. . .” 生活中最美好的事物都是免费的
When a good does not have a price attached to it, private markets cannot ensure that the good is produced and consumed in the proper amounts.
商品没有价格时,私人市场就不能确保商品以合适的数量被生产和消费。
“The best things in life are free. . .” 生活中最美好的事物都是免费的
In such cases, government policy can potentially remedy the market failure that results, and raise economic well-being.
在这种情形下,政府政策可以潜在地解决市场失灵,提高经济福利
The Different Kinds of Goods 不同类型的物品
When thinking about the various goods in the economy, it is useful to group them according to two characteristics:
根据两个特点可以对物品进行分类:
Is the good excludable?
物品是否具有排他性?
Is the good rival?
物品是否具有竞争性?
The Different Kinds of Goods 不同类型的物品
Excludability排他性
People can be prevented from enjoying the good.
可以阻止别人使用该物品
Laws recognize and enforce private property rights.
法律认可、实施私人产权
The Different Kinds of Goods 不同类型的物品
Rivalness竞争性
One person’s use of the good diminishes another person’s enjoyment of it.
一个人使用这种物品会减少其他人对物品的使用
Four Types of Goods 四种类型物品
Private Goods 私人物品
Public Goods mon Resources 共有资源
Natural Monopolies 自
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