高中定语从句知识结构图解(答案解析版).pdf

该【高中定语从句知识结构图解(答案解析版) 】是由【学锋】上传分享，文档一共【10】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【高中定语从句知识结构图解(答案解析版) 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..图解定语从句概念:定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词⒈先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,(which替代前面所叙述的事情)①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。①限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。②非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用的分类(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,:Hehastwosons,pany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)pany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)句1:..2:..分类用法备注关系代词先行词在从句中的作用Who人主语、宾语whom人宾语①whom,which,that在从句中作宾语时可以省略;但介词提前时不能省略,也不能用关系代词which物主语、宾语that。②as用在限制性定语从句中时,前面必须that人或物主语、宾语、表语有such,so,as或thesame搭配;且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语①先行词是不定代词关系代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing①只用that不用which的情况,anything等时,关系代词只用thatthat和②先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时,关系代词只用that。which的③关系代词指物,且前面有介词时只用②只用which不用that的情况which特殊用法④引导非限制定语从句时只用which。关系代词①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句的as和前、中、后,而which引导的非限制性定语从as引导的从句主要起承上启下的作用,which的句只能置于主句后。which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句。区别②引导非限制性定语从句时,as意为“正如“,which意为”这一点”。“介词+①介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能关系代词”的用省略。“介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语法②“介词+关系代词which”引导的定语从句从句,从句常用倒装语序。通常是非限制性定语从句。3:..关系副词先行词在从句中的作用When时间名词时间状语关系副词地点名词或抽象名词When,where,why在定语从句中有时可用“介词+关系代词”替换Where(situation,地点状语point,activity,case,society,system)Whythereason原因状语4:..定语从句几个难点①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略比较:Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which).(此时只能用which且不能省略)①以疑问词who开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who用who的情况Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.①,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后,’③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,.①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,⒊先行词是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等that/②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,thevery,:..③先行词中既有人又有物时positionsthepeopleand用that的情况theplacesthatimpressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?①As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。常用于以下句型当中★Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.⒋②引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人的看法,态度,评论等。此时译为“正如,像”等。可以放在句首,句中或句末。AsIremember,,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.(同类事物)①When在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的time,day等IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)②Where在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)③Why在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有reason.⒌关系副词Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)的运用★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形),situation,position(位置),stage(阶段),point(地步)等munication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式(此时where=inwhich)①way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填Thewayinwhich/that/:Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple(★way在定语中作tell的宾语)time表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句6:..⒍几个特殊②“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词whenThiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.(★此时when=duringwhich在..期间)③先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/:Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.(★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语)★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which(指物)介词+whom(指人)★该结构介词的选用原则:①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$$8.②.⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.④英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。:Ⅰ如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.①当先行词是oneof+复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.⒏定语从句的主谓一致②当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.③先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,,–ing或-ed形式⒐定语从句的Thegirl(whois)(whichwere)(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.①判断从句是否为定语从句(先行词,关系词,定语从句)②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状):Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?7:..Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?:Ⅰ.关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人:whose=the+名词+ofwhom当先行词是物:whose=the+名词+ofwhichDoyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?I’dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Ⅱ.That引导定语从句,名词性从句和强调句型的区别定语从句中的that:关系代词,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的that:从属连词,只起连接主从句的作用,在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的that,运用于itis/was…that..结构;判断标准:去掉强调句型结构,成分仍然完整。比较ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引导定语从句)ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis构成强调句型)Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)etotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引导名词性从句--表语从句)练习:’mlookingforwardtothedaywhen/,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,.Wewillreachthesalestargetsinamonthwhich/,especiallyatworkwhere/’easeriousclimberuntilfifthgrade,when/:..,?.Hesaidthisclassroomistheplaceinwhich/.Thereisnosimpleanswerinscience,..Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,as/whichisannouncedintoday’.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,whourgentlyneededcleanwater,,,:考查“介词+关系代词”?,000quilts,otheflood-‘shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwhere/,,whosedooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,,.ShandongNormalUniversityhasdevelopedasystemwhere/.puter,withoutwhichIcan’tgoonwithmywork,,which,inmyopinion,’sbedroomisalwaysamess,andhecanneverfindanything,