认知语言学08052.ppt.ppt

A New Look at Metaphorical Creativity in Cognitive Linguistics
ZOLTÁN KöVECSES
郭敬郭玉芹王艳敏
AbstractWhere do we recruit novel and unconventional conceptual materials from when we speak, think and act metaphorically, and why? This question has been partially answered in the cognitive linguistic literature but, in my view, a crucial aspect of it has been left out of consideration in the
depth it deserves: it is the effect of various kinds of context on metaphorical conceptualization. Of these, I will examine:
The immediate physical setting
What we know about the major entities participating in the discourse
The immediate cultural context
The immediate social setting
The immediate linguistic context itself
I suggest that we recruit conceptual materials for metaphorical purposes not only from bodily experience but also from all of these various contexts.
Key words: metaphor, metaphorical creativity, motivation, context, pressure of coherence, embodiment, discourse
1. Introduction
In the paper, I(the author, Kövecses) would like to answer the question(. the sources of metaphorical creativity) in a new way.
By metaphorical creativity, I mean the production and use of conceptual metaphors and/or their linguistic manifestations that are novel or unconventional.
In recent years, a large number of scholars have criticized the theory of conceptual metaphor for a variety of reasons(. Cameron 2003, 2007; Clausner and Croft 1997; Deignan 1999; Dobrovolskij and Piirainen 2005;Gevaet 2001, 2005; Pragglejaz Group 2007; Rakova 2002; Ritchie 2003; Semino 2005; Steen 1999; Stefanowitsch 2007; Zinken 2007).
The most significant of this criticism was the suggestion that conceptual metaphor theory ignores the study of metaphor in the contexts in which metaphorical expressions actually occur; namely, in real discourse. The claim is that the practitioners of “traditional” conceptual metaphor theory(., Lakoff and Johnson and their followers) set up certain, what they call