车载激光雷达测量技术在铁路既有线复测中的应用.docx

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Abstract
In recent years, vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology has been gradually applied in railway surveying and mapping, which has greatly improved the measurement efficiency and accuracy of railway existing line re-surveying. This paper mainly discusses the application of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology in railway existing line re-surveying, analyzes the advantages of this technology compared with traditional survey methods, and expounds the technical principles and features of vehicle-mounted LiDAR. Finally, through the case analysis of railway existing line re-surveying project, this paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology in railway existing line re-surveying and provides suggestions for its future development.
Introduction
The railway transportation system is an important part of the national transportation network. The maintenance and management of railway infrastructure is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of railway transportation. In order to manage the railway infrastructure, it is necessary to periodically conduct measurement and inspection of railway existing lines to identify the changes and damages of the rail, sleeper, and ballast. Traditional railway re-surveying methods mainly rely on manual measurement, such as the use of tacheometry and tape measures. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the measurement accuracy is greatly affected by individual factors. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing and photogrammetric technology, the vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology has been gradually applied in railway surveying and mapping, providing a new method for railway re-surveying.
Advantages of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology in railway re-surveying
Compared with traditional survey methods, vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology has many advantages in railway re-surveying:
1. High measurement efficiency and accuracy. The LiDAR system can quickly and accurately obtain point cloud information of the entire railway section, and the measurement accuracy can reach millimeter level.
2. Large-scale data acquisition. With the continuous advancement of LiDAR technology, the capacity and accuracy of LiDAR scanning can be greatly improved. The generated point cloud data can provide complete information on the state of the entire railway section, which can be beneficial for comprehensive analysis and scientific management.
3. Non-contact measurement. Vehicle-mounted LiDAR system can obtain point cloud information of railway lines without contact, which can avoid potential safety hazards caused by manual measurement.
Technical principles of vehicle-mounted LiDAR
The vehicle-mounted LiDAR system mainly consists of a laser rangefinder, GPS positioning system, and inertial navigation system. The laser rangefinder transmits laser pulses to the target, and the time difference between the transmitted and received signals is used to calculate the distance between the vehicle and the target. The GPS positioning system and the inertial navigation system are used to obtain the position and attitude information of the vehicle in real-time, which is used to deduce the three-dimensional coordinate information of the target point. Through the continuous scanning of the laser rangefinder, a large-scale point cloud data set is generated, which can be used for railway existing line re-surveying.
Features of vehicle-mounted LiDAR
1. High-precision and high-density data acquisition: The high-frequency laser scanning of the LiDAR system can generate a large number of measurement points, with high precision and high density, which can better reflect the details of the railway section.
2. Intelligent data processing and analysis: The LiDAR system can achieve automatic extraction of railway feature information through point cloud data processing and intelligent image recognition analysis, providing a convenient and quick solution for railway existing line mapping.
3. Mobile and flexible measurement: The vehicle-mounted LiDAR system can be mounted on different vehicles, such as the rail inspection vehicle and the car, which can conduct railway re-surveying in accordance with specific needs.
Case analysis of railway existing line re-surveying project
In a railway existing line re-surveying project of a certain section, the traditional manual measurement method was first used, and the measured data were compared with the measurement data obtained by the vehicle-mounted LiDAR. The results showed that the error of the manual measurement method was relatively large, and the time-consuming was more. On the contrary, the vehicle-mounted LiDAR system could quickly and accurately obtain the measurement data of the entire railway section, and the measurement accuracy was much better than the traditional method with less error, which significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of railway existing line re-surveying.
Limitations of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology
1. High instrument costs: A vehicle-mounted LiDAR system with high performance and precision is expensive, which increases the cost of railway re-surveying.
2. Insufficient reliability of some survey data: External factors such as weather conditions, light and temperature fluctuations, and diverse geographic regions can all impact reliability of survey data, which may lead to the generation of some non-expected data.
3. Insufficient data processing ability: Currently, there is still a lack of optimization of the processing software utilized to fabricate the point cloud, which can result in a bad influence on data processing.
Conclusion and Suggestions
In summary, the application of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology in railway existing line re-surveying has significant advantages in efficiency and accuracy compared with traditional survey methods. LiDAR technology is developing continuously. The problems of instrument costs, measuring accuracy and data processing ability still need to be addressed by researchers. With the continuous improvement of LiDAR technology and the development of data processing software, vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology will play an increasingly important role in railway infrastructure management.