概述MicrobiologyforWastewaterTreatm.ppt

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Biology for water and wastewater treatment(水处理生物学)
单击此处添加副标题
2010~2011学年第二学期
Contents ：
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Ordinary microorganism(微生物） seen in water and wastewater
treatment
Chapter 3 Metabolism（代谢）and growth of microorganism
Chapter 4 Microbial ecology
Chapter 5 The function of microorganism in material cycle and metabolism of
nature
Chapter 6 Microorganism’s hurt to waters and the methods of
controlling it
Chapter7 Microorganism ’s action in environmental monitoring and analysis(分析)
Chapter 8 Microbial methods and characters in water treatment
Chapter 9 The function of big aquatics(水生动物)、water plants（Hydrophytes）(水生植物) in water treatment.
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Key words:
Chapter 1 Introduction
autotrophic microorganism
biologic diversity
ecology
fungi
heterotrophic bacteria
bacteria
ecosystem
producer
microorganism
Virus
variation
aerobic
anaerobic
§ The basic theory of ecology(生态学）
A tree all trees all life + environment（energy，sunlight，temperature, soil, etc ）
Individual
个体
Population
种群
Community
群落
Ecosystem
生态系统
Biosphere
生物圈
1、Ecosystem
1）Definition: Ecosystem is a natural entity made up of life and surrounding. They communicate each other through energy flow and material cycle. It is a changeable, opening system.
Sketch map of ecosystem and material cycle

Environment
2) Structure and function：
（1）Primary productivity: capture and store energy.
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 (glucose)+ 6O2 + 6H2O
（2）It forms food chain and food web.
Producers
（green plants）
Primary consumer
（herbivores）
Secondary consumer
(carnivores)
Decay organisms
（microorganism）
sun
straw, leaf
body
body
respiration
Look
（3）There are energy flow in the ecosystem.
（4）All kinds of information, such as the physical, chemical and biological, be transferred in ecosystem.
3) Ecosystem balance
When a ecosystem matures,
its structure and function
achieves a comparatively
steady state.
（1）The cause of balance：
There is a self-feedback(反馈）
,self-adjusting action.
eagles human
snakes
frogs mice birds
pests
rice other plants
（2）Ecosystem unbalance(失衡).
The ability of self-regulation is limited, if some man-made factors destroy ecosystem’s structure and environment , it will appear ecosystem unbalance.
（3）Approaches to keep ecosystem balance
----study ecosystem’s composition, structure, keep its integrality, any class of the whole or some kind life cannot be broken at man’s pleasure；
----protect biological diversity(生物多样性）；
----suitably explore and use the resources;
----control environmental pollution,
provide a good environment for ecosystem.
4) Microorganism’s important effect in ecosystem
(1) Effect in natural matter cycle
(A) Autotrophic microorganism(自养微生物), the primary producer,can change inorganic(无机的) matters into the organic.
(B) Heterotrophic bacteria(异养微生物) are main decomposer of organism in nature；it can decompose completely the natural matter .
(2) Effect in energy flow
① Autotrophic microorganism（Some ） can capture and turn solar energy into biochemical energy；
② Heterotrophic bacteria decompose organic compounds，release biochemical energy and take part in ecosystem’s activity。
In a word, there were not today’s life and modern civilization without microorganism. Do you know why?
§ Definition, contents and aim
1、microorganism
1) Definition: microbe(microorganism) is a member of a large,extremely diverse, group of organisms that are lumped together, are so small that cannot be seen without microscope, including small plants and creatures（动物）.
little (individual) bacteria: µm; virus:nm
2) Basic points low（status of evolution）
simple ( structure）
no-cell type procaryote eucaryote
(非细胞类) (原核生物) （真核生物）
virus(病毒) bacteria(细菌) fungi(真菌)
Commonness
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3) Commonness
(1)It is small on bulk，the surface is big.
(2)It can absorb a lot of matter, and transform quickly.
(3)It increases fast in volume and weight, and its multiplication (繁殖) is so quick that a bacteria can produce many generations in short time, for example:
The coliform (大肠杆菌), an individual divides once in -20min. After 24hrs, the member of its generations is ×1015. After 48hrs, the total weight of an individual’s generation is 4000 times that of the earth。
(4)It has ability of quick variation(变异), and can acclimatize to surrounding.
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