BMSCs及ESCs因子在迟发型超敏反应中的作用.docx

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Introduction:
Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) is an inflammatory reaction that occurs hours to days after exposure to an antigen. It is characterized by a localized T-cell-mediated inflammation caused by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. DTH reaction is important for the immune system's defense against infectious agents, tumor cells and self-antigens. However, excessive DTH response can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are promising cell-based therapies for various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including DTH reactions. This paper discusses the roles of factors secreted by MSCs and ESCs in the modulation of DTH reaction.
Mesenchymal stem cells:
MSCs are adult stem cells that are present in various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. MSCs have immune-modulatory effects and can differentiate into various cell types, including bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle cells. The immune-modulatory effects of MSCs are attributed to the secretion of factors such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These factors can modulate various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
Role of MSCs factors in DTH:
Several studies have shown that MSCs can reduce DTH reactions in animal models and in humans. The immune-modulatory effects of MSCs on DTH are largely mediated by the secretion of IL-10, TGF-beta, and PGE2. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TGF-beta is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the differentiation and function of various immune cells. TGF-beta can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells and promote the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). PGE2 is a prostanoid that plays a crucial role in inflammation and immune suppression. PGE2 can inhibit the function of dendritic cells and T cells and promote the differentiation and function of Tregs.
Embryonic stem cells:
ESCs are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Unlike MSCs, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body. ESCs also have immune-modulatory effects and can regulate various immune cells through the secretion of factors such as IL-10, TGF-beta, and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4).
Role of ESCs factors in DTH:
The immune-modulatory effects of ESCs on DTH are largely mediated by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta. ESCs can inhibit the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells and promote the differentiation and function of Tregs. ESCs can also reduce the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by T cells. BMP-4 is a growth factor that plays a role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. BMP-4 can regulate the function of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells.
Conclusion:
MSCs and ESCs have immune-modulatory effects and can regulate various immune cells through the secretion of factors such as IL-10, TGF-beta, and PGE2. These factors can modulate DTH reactions and reduce excessive inflammation and tissue damage. The use of MSCs and ESCs as cell-based therapies for DTH reactions holds promise for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these therapies.