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Abstract
β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes have gained much attention in recent years due to their excellent photophysical properties and unique features in the design of supramolecular architectures. In this paper, we focus on the study of the assembly properties of β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes and their applications in the field of fluorescence sensors and imaging.
Introduction
Fluorescent dyes are important tools in the study of biology, chemistry, and materials science. They have been widely used as sensors to detect various biological and environmental molecules and as imaging agents for cellular and tissue imaging. Among various types of fluorescent dyes, β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique structures and excellent photophysical properties [1-3]. Based on the β-dicarbonyl core and fluoborate unit, these dyes exhibit strong fluorescence with high quantum yield, large Stoke shift, and high photo-stability. Moreover, the fluoborate unit can interact with the Lewis base to form supramolecular assemblies, which makes them promising candidates for the design of fluorescence sensors and imaging probes.
Assembly Properties of β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes
The assembly properties of β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes depend on several factors, such as the solvent polarity, Lewis base concentration, and pH value. In polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol, these dyes exist as monomers with strong fluorescence [4]. In a non-polar solvent such as toluene, they can form weakly fluorescent dimers by π-π stacking interaction [5]. In the presence of a Lewis base such as pyridine, the fluoborate unit can coordinate with the Lewis base to form supramolecular assemblies, which leads to the quenching or enhancement of the fluorescence [6-9]. The assembly properties of these dyes can be tuned by changing the concentration of the Lewis base and the pH value of the solution. For example, the fluorescence intensity of some β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of the Lewis base, while others can be quenched by the formation of tight supramolecular complexes [10-12].
Applications in the Field of Fluorescence Sensors and Imaging
Based on the assembly properties of β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes, they have been widely used in the design of fluorescence sensors and imaging probes. For example, some dyes can selectively detect the presence of Lewis bases such as NH3 and amino acids by forming tight supramolecular complexes, which leads to the quenching or enhancement of the fluorescence [13-15]. Other dyes can detect metal ions such as Cu2+ and Hg2+ by forming fluorescent complexes with high selectivity and sensitivity [16-18]. The sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors can be improved by optimizing the structure of the fluorescent dye and the binding mode with the target molecule.
Conclusion
In summary, β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes have unique features in the design of supramolecular architectures, which makes them promising candidates for the design of fluorescence sensors and imaging probes. The assembly properties of these dyes can be tuned by changing the solvent polarity, Lewis base concentration, and pH value. Moreover, the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors can be improved by optimizing the structure of the fluorescent dye and the binding mode with the target molecule. With further developments in the field of β-dicarbonyl fluoborate fluorescent dyes, more applications in the field of biological and environmental sensing and imaging are expected.
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