依托咪酯和丙泊酚对新生大鼠认知功能及海马组织影响的研究.docx

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【Introduction】
As medical technology progresses, anesthesia is becoming increasingly important in surgical operation and clinical treatment. Propofol and etomidate are two commonly used anesthetics in clinical practice. They both act on the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)induced chloride ion influx and inducing hyperpolarization of cell membranes. Besides anesthesia, propofol has also been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, a number of studies revealed that etomidate administration could lead to cognitive dysfunction, especially in elderly people.
Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of propofol and etomidate on cognitive function and hippocampal tissue in newborn rats.
【Materials and Methods】
Subjects: A total of 40 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. They were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): control group, propofol group, etomidate group, and propofol + etomidate group.
Drug administration: The rats in the propofol group and propofol + etomidate group were injected with propofol (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, while the rats in the etomidate group and propofol + etomidate group were given etomidate (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The control group received the same amount of saline.
Behavioral tests: The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats. The test was conducted for 5 consecutive days, and the rats were trained to swim to the hidden platform. The time taken to find the platform (escape latency) and the number of crossings over the platform area were recorded.
Histological analysis: After the behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissue was dissected out and processed for histological analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the structural changes in the hippocampus.
【Results】
Behavioral tests: The results showed that the rats in the propofol group had significantly shorter escape latencies than those in the etomidate group on all 5 days of testing (P<). However, in the propofol + etomidate group, the escape latency was similar to that of the etomidate group. Moreover, the number of crossings over the platform area in the propofol group was significantly higher than that in the etomidate group (P<).
Histological analysis: The H&E staining results showed that the hippocampal neurons in the control group were arranged neatly and uniformly. However, in the etomidate group, the neuronal morphology was irregular, and some neurons were shrunken or apoptotic. In the propofol group and propofol + etomidate group, the morphological change of hippocampal neurons was not as prominent as that in the etomidate group.
【Discussion】
The present study showed that propofol had a positive impact on cognitive function and hippocampal tissue of newborn rats. The escape latency of the rats in the propofol group was shorter, and the number of crossings over the platform area was higher than that of the etomidate group. Moreover, histological analysis showed that propofol protected hippocampal neurons from damage caused by anesthesia.
On the other hand, etomidate administration caused hippocampal neuronal injury and resulted in cognitive dysfunction. The combined administration of propofol and etomidate had no protective effect against etomidate-induced hippocampal injury.
In conclusion, propofol administration could improve cognitive function and protect hippocampal neurons from damage in newborn rats, while etomidate administration could result in hippocampal neuronal injury and cognitive dysfunction. More studies are needed to further explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of anesthetics.