TEAS复合药物全麻在轻度控压中对Beagle犬的脏器保护作用.docx

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Introduction
Anesthesia is an essential part of veterinary surgery, and it involves depressing the central nervous system to render the animal unconscious or unaware of pain. The main goal of anesthesia is to ensure an uneventful surgery and smooth recovery without any complications. However, the use of anesthetics can have harmful effects on the body, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic changes in the body. Therefore, the research on new methods for anesthesia with minimal side effects has become crucial in veterinary medicine.
TEAS (total extravenous anesthesia) is a novel technique of anesthesia that uses a combination of injectable anesthetics to achieve a state of unconsciousness in animals. This technique has become popular in recent times because of its potential advantages, including minimal side effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Additionally, TEAS can provide a more predictable level of anesthesia.
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of TEAS on Beagle dogs' organs during light anesthesia.
Materials and Methods
The study included eight Beagle dogs from a local animal laboratory. The animals were divided into two groups of four. The first group served as the control, while the second group received TEAS general anesthesia. The dogs received standard pre-anesthetic preparation before anesthesia, including food deprivation for 12 hours and rehydration via intravenous fluid therapy.
The TEAS technique involved sedation with propofol (6 mg/kg) infused over ten minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of propofol ( mg/kg/h) and fentanyl ( mg/kg/h) using a syringe pump during the maintenance phase. The level of anesthesia was adjusted to maintain a hypnotic level between 2 to 4 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S) scale. In contrast, the control group received only saline infusion.
All the dogs received mechanical ventilation throughout the surgical procedure to maintain end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels between 35 and 45 mm Hg. The surgical procedure involved a 2cm midline laparotomy, followed by 60 minutes of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. The dogs were then euthanized via intravenous injection of pentobarbital (100 mg/kg) and underwent autopsy procedures.
The study's primary endpoint was comparing the histopathological changes and cellular injury in the liver, kidney, and lung tissues between the control and TEAS groups. The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and observed under a light microscope for analysis.
Results
The observation of the liver tissue sections revealed significant histopathological differences between the control and TEAS groups. The control group showed severe cellular swelling, and necrosis characterized by an increase in eosinophilia and karyorrhexis. In contrast, the TEAS group showed mild histopathological changes with occasional necrotic foci.
The renal tissue sections showed mild renal tubular damage without significant differences in tubular necrosis between the control and TEAS groups. Finally, the lung tissue sections showed no significant differences in histopathological changes between the two groups.
Discussion
The present study's findings support the hypothesis that TEAS is a protective technique of anesthesia for animals. This technique provided significant protection to the liver tissue against ischemic-reperfusion damage. The TEAS group showed mild histopathological changes in contrast to the control group.
The protective effect of TEAS on liver tissue may be explained by the drugs' pharmacological properties used in the TEAS technique. Propofol has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which could attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Fentanyl, an opioid agonist, can reduce the inflammatory response associated with tissue injury through immunomodulation mechanism and raise the pain threshold.
In contrast, the saline group failed to provide any significant protective effect on the liver. This finding highlights the importance of proper sedation and anesthetic agents in surgeries to reduce the risk of tissue injury.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of TEAS technique of anesthesia for light sedation has demonstrated significant organ protective effects on the liver tissues of Beagle dogs. The study supports the use of TEAS as a viable option for anesthesia, particularly in surgeries prone to ischemic-reperfusion injury. Further studies are necessary to investigate TEAS's efficacy and safety in different animal species and surgical procedures.