抗肿瘤活性物质的筛选及其抗肿瘤机制的研究.docx

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Abstract:
Tumor is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human health. In recent years, the search for anti-tumor active substances has become a hotspot in drug research and development. This paper focuses on the screening of anti-tumor active substances and their anti-tumor mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce the criteria for screening anti-tumor active substances and various methods for screening, and summarize the latest research progress on the anti-tumor mechanisms of some active substances. The anti-tumor mechanisms include induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, regulation of immune function and suppression of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The study of anti-tumor active substances and their mechanisms of action provides a theoretical basis for developing new anti-tumor drugs, and has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases.
Introduction:
Cancer is a major global health problem that affects millions of people each year. Currently, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the main methods used for the treatment of cancer, but they are often accompanied by severe side effects and are not always effective. Therefore, the search for new and effective anti-tumor drugs has become a research hotspot. The screening and research of active substances with anti-tumor activity can provide new materials and ideas for the development of anti-tumor drugs.
Criteria for screening anti-tumor active substances:
The screening of anti-tumor active substances is a comprehensive evaluation process, including screening of active ingredients from natural products, synthetic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine extracts. The following are the criteria for screening anti-tumor active substances:
1. Effective inhibition of tumor cell growth: Active substances should effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation and reduce tumor volume.
2. Low toxicity: Active substances should have low toxicity and few side effects.
3. Cell selectivity: Active substances should have selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells and little effect on normal cells.
4. Water solubility: Active substances should be easily dissolved in water, which can facilitate oral administration or injection.
Methods for screening anti-tumor active substances:
1. Cell-based screening: This method uses tumor cell lines to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of active substances. MTT assay, clonogenic assay and flow cytometry are commonly used in cell-based screening.
2. In vivo screening: This method includes transplanting tumor cells in animal models for screening anti-tumor activity of active substances. Tumor volume, tumor weight and survival time are often used as evaluation indexes.
3. Screening of natural products: This method uses natural products as the source of active substances. Plant extracts, marine organisms, microorganisms and animal tissues are the main sources of natural products.
4. Screening of synthetic compounds: This method uses synthetic compounds as the source of active substances. It is characterized by high efficiency and diversity of active substances.
Anti-tumor mechanisms of active substances:
1. Induction of apoptosis: The induction of apoptosis is one of the main anti-tumor mechanisms of active substances. The active substances induce apoptosis of tumor cells through various signaling pathways, such as the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. Apoptosis can effectively inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation.
2. Inhibition of angiogenesis: Angiogenesis is the necessary process for tumor growth and metastasis. Anti-tumor active substances inhibit tumor angiogenesis by reducing the expression of angiogenesis-related factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This effectively prevents tumor cell growth and inhibits metastasis.
3. Regulation of immune function: The regulation of immune function is another important anti-tumor mechanism of active substances. Active substances can regulate the immune system by activating immune cells, increasing cytokine levels, changing the balance of immune cell subsets and reducing tumor immune evasion.
4. Suppression of tumor cell invasion and metastasis: Tumor cell invasion and metastasis are the main causes of cancer-related death. Active substances can inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion by altering the expression of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins and metalloproteinases.
Conclusion:
The screening of anti-tumor active substances and the study of their mechanisms of action are valuable for developing new anti-tumor drugs. Anti-tumor active substances can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation and reduce tumor volume. The screening of active substances can use a variety of methods such as cell-based screening, in vivo screening, screening of natural products and synthetic compounds. The anti-tumor mechanisms of active substances include induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, regulation of immune function, and suppression of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The study of anti-tumor active substances and their mechanisms of action provides a theoretical basis for the development of new anti-tumor drugs, which has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases.