新型铈—铂催化剂的设计与合成.docx

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Abstract
Cerium-platinum (Ce-Pt) catalytic systems have gained extensive attention in recent years due to their promising catalytic performance in various applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the design and synthesis of novel Ce-Pt catalysts. Based on the fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms, various strategies have been developed to improve the activity, selectivity, and stability of Ce-Pt catalysts. These strategies include the incorporation of CeO2 into Pt-based catalysts, the use of controlled synthesis methods, and the tuning of the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts. We also highlight the challenges and outlooks in the future development of Ce-Pt catalysts.
Introduction
Cerium-platinum (Ce-Pt) catalytic systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their unique properties and promising catalytic performance in various applications, including the automotive industry, fuel cells, and environmental remediation. The high oxygen storage capacity of ceria (CeO2) can promote the oxygen activation and enhance the catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts. Moreover, CeO2 can also prevent the aggregation of Pt nanoparticles and improve their stability under harsh conditions. Therefore, the design and synthesis of novel Ce-Pt catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability have become a research hotspot in the catalysis field.
In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the design and synthesis of Ce-Pt catalysts. Firstly, we discuss the fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms and the role of CeO2 in Ce-Pt catalytic systems. Secondly, we introduce several strategies that have been developed to improve the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts, including the incorporation of CeO2 into Pt-based catalysts, the use of controlled synthesis methods, and the tuning of the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts. Thirdly, we highlight the challenges and outlooks in the future development of Ce-Pt catalysts.
Fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms
The Ce-Pt catalytic system is a complex multi-component system, which involves the interaction between Pt nanoparticles, CeO2, and the reactant molecules. The fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms is essential for the design and optimization of Ce-Pt catalysts.
The oxygen storage capacity of CeO2 plays a critical role in the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts. During the catalytic reaction, the oxidation state of CeO2 can be switched between Ce4+ and Ce3+, which leads to the storage and release of oxygen. The released oxygen can promote the oxygen activation and enhance the catalytic activity of Pt-based catalysts. Moreover, CeO2 can also form a strong metal-support interaction with Pt nanoparticles, which can prevent the aggregation and sintering of Pt nanoparticles and thus improve their stability.
The interface between Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 is also important for the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts. The high surface energy and strong interaction between Pt and CeO2 can promote the formation of Pt-CeO2 interface, which can enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity of Ce-Pt catalysts. The size, shape, and distribution of Pt nanoparticles can also affect the catalytic properties of Ce-Pt catalysts.
Strategies to improve the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts
In recent years, various strategies have been developed to improve the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts, including the incorporation of CeO2 into Pt-based catalysts, the use of controlled synthesis methods, and the tuning of the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts.
Incorporation of CeO2 into Pt-based catalysts
One of the most effective strategies to improve the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts is to incorporate CeO2 into Pt-based catalysts. The CeO2 can enhance the oxygen storage and oxygen activation ability of Pt-based catalysts, which can significantly improve their catalytic activity and selectivity. The CeO2 can also prevent the aggregation and sintering of Pt nanoparticles and thus improve their stability.
Various methods have been developed to prepare Ce-Pt catalysts with different morphologies and structures, including the sol-gel method, co-precipitation method, hydrothermal method, and impregnation method. For example, Liu et al. synthesized a series of CeO2-modified Pt/TiO2 catalysts by a sol-gel method and found that the addition of CeO2 can significantly increase the catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.
Controlled synthesis methods
Controlled synthesis methods are another effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance of Ce-Pt catalysts. By controlling the size, shape, and distribution of Pt nanoparticles, the catalytic properties of Ce-Pt catalysts can be tuned. Moreover, the introduction of CeO2 can also affect the morphology and structure of Pt nanoparticles.
Various synthesis methods have been developed to prepare Ce-Pt catalysts with controlled morphologies and structures, including the template-assisted method, microemulsion method, and electrochemical method. For example, Xia et al. synthesized CeO2-supported Pt nanorods by a template-assisted method and found that the Pt nanorods can enhance the catalytic activity and stability of CeO2-supported Pt catalysts for the oxidation of CO.
Tuning of the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts
The surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts, including the surface structure, composition, and electronic properties, can also affect their catalytic performance. The tuning of the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to improve their catalytic activity and selectivity.
Various surface modification methods have been developed to tune the surface properties of Ce-Pt catalysts, including the deposition of metal oxides or sulfides, the introduction of dopants, and the modification of the electronic properties by electrochemical methods. For example, Wang et al. synthesized a CeO2-supported Pt catalyst modified by cobalt oxide and found that the CoO-Pt/CeO2 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Challenges and outlooks
Although significant progress has been made in the design and synthesis of Ce-Pt catalysts, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. Firstly, the understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of Ce-Pt catalysts is still limited, and more efforts are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between Pt nanoparticles, CeO2, and the reactant molecules. Secondly, the synthesis of Ce-Pt catalysts with uniform morphology and structure still remains a challenge, and the development of novel synthesis methods with high controllability and reproducibility is needed. Thirdly, the optimization of the Ce-Pt catalyst composition and structure for specific catalytic applications needs to be further studied.
Despite these challenges, the future outlook for the development of Ce-Pt catalysts is promising. As the demand for high-performance, stable, and cost-effective catalytic systems continues to grow, the Ce-Pt catalytic system with its unique properties and promising catalytic performance will continue to attract attention in the catalysis field.