7.英语多省略和变化-汉语多重复和补充省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件.pptx

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A. 英语多省略，汉语多补充
因为英语重句法结构和多枝共干，多用长句等特点，所以，重复往往就省略。而汉语重语义，多短句，为求得简单明了，往往更重视重复和补充。英语省略类型很多，有名词省略，动词省略，有句法方面省略，也有情景方面省略。在并列结构中，英语往往省略前面已出现过词语，而汉语则往往重复这些省略了词。比如：
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4．A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
4．一项关于1996年新闻报道调查显示，许多其它团体身上都贴上了反科学标签，从提倡毁灭最终存留天花病毒权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费共和党人都贴上了反科学标签。
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2．It is a bowl of sweet air, a basin of greenness, and of grace, and, it would seem, of peace.
那是空气清新、沁人心脾低洼之地，是绿色碧翠盆地，是美不胜收盆地，似乎更是和平宁静盆地。
3．Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
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4．Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
5．Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
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6. I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出了故障，就是引擎出故障，或二者都出故障。
7．I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others’．
中国改革方式可能比别国改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。
我想, 大约, 可能, 或许
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8．He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversations followed by more conversations, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
毫无疑问，他认为会有热烈拥抱，满桌饭菜，激动泪水，欢乐笑声，一番又一番谈话，一次又一次拥抱，没完没了。
9．He took offense, a poke at his wife, his hat, his leave and a vocation of several years before leaving.
他发了火，打了老婆一拳，取了帽子，出外度假，几年不回。
10．They talked of things they longed for: of car, of piano, of cottage．
他们谈到了他们所渴望那些东西——谈到了汽车，谈到了钢琴，还谈到了小型别墅。
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11. Marketing economy is itself the product of long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.
市场经济本身是一个长久发展过程产物，是生产方式和交换方式一系列变革产物。
12. Among the four pictures, two appear to be real, others false.
在这四幅画中，有两幅看起来是真，另外两幅看起来则是赝品。
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2. 英语多改变，汉语多重复
熟悉英语人都知道，英语表示相同意思时往往变换表示方式。第一次说“我认为”能够用“I think”，第二次再用“I think”显然就很乏味，应该换成“I believe”、“I imagine”、“I guess”之类表示。为了防止文章单调乏味，用英语写作时尽可能防止重复，常见方法有使用代词、同义词、近义词以及省略一些成份等。但汉语不怕重复，连续使用某个词语是常见情况，所以英译汉时为了译文通顺我们能够适当地重复一些必要词语。 比如：
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1. The Environmental Revolution will judged by whether it can shift the world economy into an environmentally sustainable development path, one that leads to greater economic security, healthier lifestyles, and a worldwide improvement in the human condition.
2. The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine，the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.（R，Quirk）
评价环境革命标准就看它能否使世界经济转变到环境上能够连续发展道路上，亦即使经济有更大保障，使生活方式愈加健康，使全人类生活情况普遍改进道路。
这只猴子最了不起成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独演出驾驶拖拉机了。
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