定语从句补充.doc

定语从句
定语从句是用来修饰、描述或提供有关名词、代词或整个主句信息的从句。它在整个句子中起形容词的作用。被修饰的名词,语法上称作先行词。从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句、连接先行词的作用,同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分,如:主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、定语或状语等。定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导:
(1) who, whom, that
(2) which, that
(3) whose
(4) when
Where
why
1. 修饰、指代人物
关系代词who, that 引导的从句修饰、指代人物,在从句中作主语。
(1) 关系代词作主语
(1) I thank the woman.
She helped me.
a. I thank the woman who helped me.
b. I thank the woman that helped me.
(2) 关系代词作宾语
关系代词whom, who, that 在从句中作动词宾语时,修饰、指代人物。Whom 是宾格形式, 常用于较正式的英语中。who和that 常用于口语和非正式的英语中。在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下,作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略。
(2)The man told me e back.
I saw him in the office.
a. The man whom I saw in the office told me e back.
b. The man who I saw in the office told me e back.
c. The man that I saw in the office told me e back.
d. The man I saw in the office told me e back.
我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去。
注意:1. 引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面,例如: 从句whom I saw in the office,虽
然关系代词whom 在句子中作动词的宾语,也应放在从句的最前面。
2. 从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面。从句whom I saw in the office是用来修饰the man,
所以应放在the man 后面。
(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,正式英语中,往往将介词提到关系代词前面。
(3) The woman spoke French.
I traveled with her.
a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.
和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语。
注意:在这类句子中修饰、指代人物时,只能用whom 。关系代词不可以用who 或that。也不可以省略
关系代词。
在口语和非正式英语中,介词往往放在原来的位置,即:在谓语动词之后。在这种情况下,关系代
词可以是who/ whom/that, 也可以省略。
b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.
c. T