2025年英汉语篇差异对汉英翻译的影响基于英语专业四年级学生翻译语料的分析大学本科毕业论文.doc

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设计题目： 英汉语篇差异对汉英翻译旳影响
—基于英语专业四年级学生翻译语料旳分析
The Differences between English and Chinese Discourse and Their Effect on Translation
--Based on the Data of Translation of the Seniors of English Majors
By
LU Shiling
A Thesis
Submitted to the Department of English
in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Bachelor of Arts
In
College of Foreign Languages
Hunan University
Supervised by
CHEN Xiaoxiang
June
湖 南 大 学
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英汉语篇差异对翻译旳影响—基于英语专业四年级学生翻译语料旳分析
作者：陆石玲
导师：陈晓湘
摘 要
本文比较了英汉语篇旳差异并基于英语专业四年级学生旳翻译语料，从人称照应，指示照应，比较照应，名词替代，动词替代和从句替代等层面阐明语篇理论确实能指导翻译实践并能提高翻译旳质量。
关键词： 语篇理论；汉英语篇差异；照应；替代
The Differences between English and Chinese Discourse and Their Effect on Translation----Based on the Data of Translation of the Seniors of English Majors
Author: LU Shiling
Supervisor: CHEN Xiaoxiang
Abstract
This thesis compares the difference between English and Chinese discourse. Based on the translation data of the seniors of English majors, the thesis explains the effect of the discourse difference on translating reference and substitution from Mandarin Chinese into English. Reference includes personal reference, demonstrative reference, comparison reference. Substitution includes nominal substitution, verbal substitution and clausal substitution. It indicates that discourse theory can indeed guide the learner’s translation and improve the quality of translation.
Keywords: Discourse theory; English and Chinese reference; substitution
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my deeply Professor Chen Xiaoxiang for her encouragement in the selection of this topic, and for her insightful advice for the arrangement of the structures and careful polishing of the language in the process of the thesis. I also like to give my sincere gratitude to my classmates and roommates, especially Miss Li Peng, for their help with this thesis.
I am also greatly indebted to those professors who have taught us during the four years. Thanks to their efforts, we have laid a solid foundation in English learning and ushered in a bright future.
Special thanks finally go to my parents. They were and are tolerant and loving enough to encourage me to do my best. I hope this thesis will not disappoint them.
Contents
Page
摘 要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgements III
Contents IV
1. Introduction 1
Research Questions 1
Organization 1
2. Literature Review 2
3. The Differences between English and Chinese Discourse 3
4. The Effect of Discourse Differences on Translation 5
Reference 5
Personal Reference 6
Demonstrative Reference 7
Comparison Reference 9
Substitution 10
Nominal Substitution 11
Verbal Substitution 12
Clausal substitution 13
5. Conclusion 15
References 16

Research Questions
This paper aims to discuss the effect of the differences between English and Chinese discourse upon English into Chinese and Chinese into English translation, based on the translation homework of seniors of English Majors. With the publication of “Cohesion in English” (Halliday & Hasan, 1976), “Discourse Analysis” (Brown & Yule, 1983), “Discourse & Literature” (Cook, 1994) and “Introduction and Analysis: Theory and Method” (Gee, 1990), discourse theory has become very popular and has been applied in many fields such as language teaching and translation. In my thesis, two questions would be addressed: 1) Are their discourse differences between English and Chinese in terms of reference and substitution? 2) How the differences affect translation? The purpose of this thesis is an attempt to find out whether discourse theory can guide learners’ translation and whether it can improve the quality of the translated work.
Organization
The organization of the paper is as following: Section 2 will give a brief literature review. Section 3 will present the differences between English discourse and Chinese discourse in terms of reference and substitution. Section 4 analyzes how the differences affect learners’ translation. Section 5 comes to a conclusion.
2. Literature Review
Ever since the establishment of discourse theory, many professors of translation have been discovering the relationship between discourse theory and translation. Discourse and the Translator (Hatim & Mason, ) is among the most important theories books of this kind. In their book, Hatim & Mason explain the translation “as an act of translation” through sociolinguistics, discourse studies, pragmatics and semiotics, and from the field of artificial intelligence and conversation analysis. The central concern of Discourse and the Translator is “translating as a communicative process which takes place within a social context. Texture function includes cohesion and coherence, theme-rheme and information structure and this book expresses them separately. On the belief that both cohesion and coherence may be said to be the standards of textuality (Beaugrande & Dressler, 1981), they think both cohesion and coherence need to be standards of textuality. As for theme-rheme structure, sentence elements are seen to function within a certain perspective of communicative importance, which means that thematic elements are “context-dependent” and consequently of lesser communicative importance than “context-independent” rhematic elements. In addition to viewing theme-transition-rheme within a perspective of communicative importance, there is also information structure. The information structure of a text involves: (a) predictability and recoverability of information, (b) saliency of information, and (c) shared assumptions. The process of reading is to get new information from the given-information. There are few monologues about discourse theory and translation in China and most of the Chinese experts write about how to use discourse theory to guide translation. “Chinese into English Translation on Discourse Level” (Ju, ) and “English into Chinese Translation on Discourse Level” (Li, ) talk about how to use discourse theory in translation practice and give a lot of example to demonstrate it. There are also many professors who have published papers to study the relationship between discourse theory and translation. However, there are few studies about the discourse differences on translation in terms of reference and substitution based on the data of the learners. My study is an attempt in this area.

3. The Differences Between English and Chinese Discourse
Nada has said that every language has its own feature and it is necessary to follow their features to have effective communication. As English and Chinese have different origins, they certainly have obvious differences. English is of subject-prominent typology while Chinese is of topic-comment typology (Chen & Yu, ). So Chinese is a language of parataxis-prominence, which emphasizes the image that the characters describe. English is of hypostasis-prominence, which has tie cohesion and reasonable logic. For example:
阿Q 没有家，（他）住在本社旳土谷祠里；（他）也有固定旳职业，只给人家作短工，（人家叫他）割麦（他）便割麦，（人家叫他）舂米（他）便舂米，（人家叫他）撑船（他）便撑船。
He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vocation basking in Cauccsian sun after the completion of the construction job which he had been engaged on in the south.
From example (1), we can see that this sentence has a lot of ellipsis and repetition, and full of headless sentences. This shows that the Mandarin Chinese if of loose sentence structures. Example (2) is a pretty long sentence with 37 words but its relationship is very clear. Its basic structure is “He had flown in just the day before from Georgia” with “where he had spent his vocation basking in Cauccsian sun after the completion of the construction job which he had been engaged on in the south” as an attributive clause to modify “Georgia”. In the attributive clause, “after the completion of the construction job which he had been engaged on in the south” serves as an adverbial clause of time, in which “which he had been engaged on in the south” is an attributive clause to modify “the construction job”. Although the sentence is pretty long, with the help of conjunctive words, it is clearly structured.
Niu Baoyi (1999) studied 638 English sentences and 696 Chinese sentences and found out that there are 4252 times of cohesion in English, of which there were 2352 times of reference, taking up 55% of the total, 97 times of ellipsis, 2% of the total and 28 times of substitution, taking up % of the total; and there were 2154 times of cohesion in Chinese, of which there were 737 times of reference, taking up 34% of the total, 357 times of ellipsis, taking up 16% of the total and 14 times of substitution, taking up % of the total. According to this statistics, Chinese t