译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

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英语被动语态翻译
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英语中被动语态使用极为广泛，尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随地可见,这是因为：
（1）被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，科技论著重视客观事实，需要这种特征；
（2）被动结构更能突出主要特征，说明对象，引人注目；
（3）在很多情况下被动结构比主动结构更简短。 而汉语中被动结构却不那么常见，因为从习惯上讲，汉语中“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总是给人不那么舒适感觉，所以在英汉翻译时，往往要尽可能将被动语态化为主动结构。
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Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.
译文：全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间实况转播
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详细来说，对于英语原文被动结构，普通可采取以下方法:
1. 翻译成汉语主动句。英语原文被动结构翻译成汉语主动结构又能够深入分为几个不一样情况。
英语原文中主语在译文中仍做主语。比如:
例1. The old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.
老妇人尸体在小巷尽头发觉了。
例2．In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.
迁居时大部分家俱要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。
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(2) 将英语原文中主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性词语(人们,大家等)作主语。比如:
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉政治和科学领域最新发展改变，并能源源不停地为观众提供各种现有教育意义又有趣节目。
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另外，以下结构也能够经过这一伎俩翻译:
It is asserted that …有些人主张…；
It is believed that …有些人认为…；
It is generally considered that …大家(普通人)认为…；
It is well known that …大家知道(众所周知)…；
It will be said …有些人会说…；
It was told that …有些人曾经说…。
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(3) 翻译成汉语无主句。比如:
例1. American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.
允许美国俘虏领取红十字会食品包裹。
(it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.
用望远镜看，太阳靠近边缘部分显得略暗。
must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.
必须认可，这些统计数字反应了许多不满情绪。
第7页
2. 译成汉语被动式。英语中许多被动句能够翻译成汉语被动句。惯用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。比如:
例1. His passport was confiscated by the police.
他护照被警方没收了。
例2. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场敌机发觉。
例3. The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.
这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制。
第8页
课堂练习
我们看下面一则短文，里面出现了十几处被动语态，不过在译文中都转化成了主动语态:
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As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
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