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第一节 从句的基本认识
从句的概念
英语中的从句是指在主句中担任某个句子成分的句子。
从句的分类
一般按其功能分为三大类:名词性从句,形容词性从句,及副词性从句。
主语从句
名词性从句 表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句---定语从句。是用来修饰名词或代词的句子,具有形容词性。
副词性从句---状语从句。在句中作状语。
从句的基本特点及用法
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各个从句的共同特点:
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都有引导词;
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都有主谓结构;
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都在主句中担任一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
主语从句+谓语 或It(形式主语)+谓语+主语从句
That he will attend the meeting is certain.
is unknown who did the work.
主语+连系动词+表语从句
The question is whether he will come here tonight.
各种从句在主句中的位置及其作用
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语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句
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语+谓语+it(形式主语)+宾语补足语+宾语从句
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I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
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you tell me where Mary lives?
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hink it necessary that we learn English well.
主语+谓语+宾语从句
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注:宾语从句还可以在介词、不定式、V-ing ,及少数形容词后当它们的宾语。能带宾语从句的形容词常见有:sure ,glad , sorry ,certain , worried , aware etc.
t found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure where I could have done with it.
eg. We all agree with him on what he said.
aware that you have been exceptionally kind to me.
…同位语词news(idea , fact , hope , promise etc)+同位语从句
e heard the news that our team had won.
act that he hadn‘t said anything surprised everybody.
e no idea when she will be back.
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01
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is the restaurant in which you work?
……先行词(名词或代词)+限定性定语从句
eg. Gone are the days when Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.
或……先行词(名词或代词),+非限定性定语从句
der sister, who is twenty, is now studying in the university.
句+状语从句 或 状语从句,+主句 注意逗号
peak to him slowly so that he may understand you better.
how difficult the work may be, we must surely complete it.
以上是从五个基本简单句型出发,根据各种从句的特点,通过列式显示各从句在主句中的位置关系。从而可以看出什么样的从句就在主句中担任什么样的句法功能。
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