高中英语特殊名词变化背记.docx

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一、 名词的特殊复数形式：
（一）不规则名词复数：
child —children 小孩
foot --- feet 脚
toot— teeth 牙齿
goose --- geese 鹅
mouse --mice 老鼠
ox -oxen 公牛
analysis --- analyses 分析
crisis --- crises 危机
thesis — theses 论文
man --- men 男人
woman - women 女人
medium --- media 媒体
basis --- bases基础
datum — data数据
bacterium --- bacteria 名田菌
criterion --- criteria 标准
phenomenon --- phenomena 现象
German - Germans 德国人
Frenchman --- Frenchmen 法国人
Englishman ---Englishmen 英国人
（二）有些名词单复数同型：
Chinese — Chinese 中国人
Japanese --- Japanese 日本人
Swiss — Swiss 王帝士人
spacecraft --- spacecraft 航天器
aircraft --- aircraft 飞引L
headquarters-headquarters 总部
means ---means 方式
species --- species 物种
news --- news 消息、
deer — deer 鹿
fish — fish 鱼
sheep --- sheep 绵羊
（三）有些以f结尾的名词变复数直接加
belief --- beliefs 信念
roof --- roofs 屋顶
cliff — cliffs 悬崖
staff --- staffs 员工
proof — proofs 证据
chief — chiefs 首领
gulf — gulfs 海湾
grief — griefs 伤心事
serf — serfs 农奴
safe --- safes 保险箱
（四）“单位，，名词的单复数：
dollar --- dollars 美元
franc - francs 法郎
yuan --- yuan 元
meter/metre - meters 米
jin --- jin 斤
mu — mu 母
（五）复合名词的复数形式：
looker-on --- lookers-on 旁观者
passer-by --- passers-by 过路人
man doctor --- men doctors 男医生
woman teacher — women teachers 女老师
brother-in-law — brothers-in -law 姐夫 (妹夫)
sister-in-law --- sisters-in-law 嫂子 (弟女息)
mother-in-law --- mothers-in-law 岳母(婆婆)
father-in-law --- fathers-in-law 岳父(公公
二、下列名词没有单数形式，是复数概念，在句中作主语时谓语动词用复数形式:
1. clothes 2. police 3. cattle
三、下列名词的单复数含义不同：
1. paper纸---papers试卷，文件,论文
3. ash灰 —ashes骨灰，遗骸
5. sand 沙子---sands 沙滩
7. green绿色的一greens青菜
9. drink 酒---drinks 饮料
11. look 看---looks 外表，面容
13. manner方式，样式一manners 礼貌，规矩
15. damage损害---damages损失赔偿费，费用
17. pain疼痛 一pains辛劳，痛苦
19. fruit水果 ---fruits各种水果
21. color颜色---colors各种颜色
23. fish 鱼肉 ---a fish 鱼
25. tin 锡---a tin 罐头
27. iron 铁---an iron 熨斗
29. power威力;力量;电力一a power大国
31. glass玻璃一a glass玻璃杯
4. people
2. good 好的---goods 货物
4. glass 玻璃---glasses 眼镜
6. wood 木材---woods 树林
8. time 时间---times 时代
10. arm 手臂---arms 武器
12. line 线--lines 台词
14. work工作---works工厂，作品，工事
16. cloth 布---clothes 衣服
18. ruin 毁坏---ruins 废墟
20. noise噪音---noises各种噪音
22. custom风俗;习惯——customs海关
24. chicken 鸡肉---a chicken 小鸡
26. relation 关系一a relation 亲戚，亲属
28. beauty美丽-- a beauty美人，美的东西
30. room 空间 ---a room 房间
success成功…a success 一个成功的人(事)
通讯系统，通讯工具
communication 通讯;交流---communications
convenience 方便，便利 —conveniences 便利设备
necessity 需要,必要性 ---necessities 必需品
四、构词法--名词和动词的相互转化：
.很多动词可以转化为名词：
have a look ( chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, interview, taste, slip, ect.)
make a study ( guess, call, survey, change, answer, slip, visit, appointment ect.)
come to a stop (a pause, an end, ect.)
.有些名词也可当动词用:
Have you booked your ticket?(预打)
The hall can seat two thousand people.(容纳)
We'll back you up.(支持)
We'll head for Shanghai tomorrow.(朝.・・・前进)
If so, you will be badly fooled.(上当，愚弄)
They were hosted by the members of the embassy.(招彳寺)
This helped to bridge over our difficulties.(度过)
Over three hundred students stemmed into the building.(涌入； 冲进)
五、注意下列动词形容词变化的名词
grow
warm
true
repeat
describe
argue
compete
necessary
recognize
decide
confuse
divide
relax
pronounce
propose
arrive
growth
warmth
truth
repetition
description
argument
competition
necessity
recognition
decision
confusion
division
relaxation
pronunciation
proposal
arrival
refuse
survive
remove
approve
proud
dry
permit
discover
speak
fortunate
differ
strong
marry
inform
popular
succeed
refusal survival
removal approval pride drought permission discovery
speech fortune
difference strength marriage information popularity success
六、用名词的正确形式填空:
There are two (box) of (match), three (knife), four (brush), five(key), six(photo), seven
(dictionary), eight(tomato), nine(glass), ten(radio) and eleven(toy bus) on that table.
Look at those(wolf),(sheep),(deer), (fox),(ox)(monkey), and(goose).
Who are they? They are all(hero). And they are all(woman doctor)
There are so many public(convenience) in cities .
Three(Swiss), two(German) and five(Frenchman) are present at the meeting.
Those little(child) are playing with those little(mouse).
The rainbow is one of the most beautiful(phenomenon) in nature.
Two(aircraft) and two(spacecraft) are being designed in the (headquarters).
We have tried all the(means), but not every(means) has worked.
It tastes like(chicken). Do you raise(chicken)?
He regarded music as one of life*s(necessary).
They took great(proud) in their excellent children.
English(pronounce) is terribly difficult.
The job involved the constant(repeat) of the same movements
The police have issued a detailed(describe) of the missing woman.
The (consume) of alcohol on the premises (经营场所)is forbidden.
Sometimes there's a lot of(compete) between children for their mother*s attention.
There is general(recognize) that the study techniques of many students are weak.
The news aroused a lot of(curious) among local people.
The fear of unemployment can be a source of deep(anxious) to people.
I think the government has lost touch with(real).
The lake has more than 20(vary) of fish.
We need an effective strategy to fight(poor).
This latest interview was further(prove) of how good at her job Cara was.
Several members hold very right-wing(believe).
This year (a) severe(dry) has ruined the crops.
With seven people squashed (塞入) in one house, you don't get much(private).
In most people's eyes, she was nothing more than a common(crime).
It was his(brave) that saved the child.
Meditation allows you to enter a state of deep(relax).
The thought occurred to me that he might not be telling the(true).
All at once they were aware of the evening of light and(warm).
We finally came to a firm(decide) on the matter.
The French government has approved(propose) for a new waste law.
The party hopes to win the(argue) about how to reform the health system