2025年英文涉外法律文书的简明教程（锦集6篇）.docx

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篇1：英文涉外法律文书的简明教程
括号
1 在引语中插入你自己选用的单词时，该单词使用括号。
Incorrect: The professor said that “Frankfurter evolved from liberal to conservative while on the Supreme Court (and) Blackmun evolved from conservative to liberal.”
Correct: The professor said that “Frankfurter evolved from liberal to conservative while on the Supreme Court [and] Blackmun evolved from conservative to liberal.”
2 为表示你在引语中改变了一个单词的一部分时，该部分使用括号。此类情形通常发生在为合并引语和你自己的句子时，要把大写字母变小写字母，反之亦然。
引语:
“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” . Const. amend. VIII.
不正确合并:
The Eighth Amendment provides that “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” . Const. amend. VIII.
正确合并:
The Eighth Amendment provides that “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” . Const. amend. VIII.
[英文涉外法律文书的简明教程]
篇2：英文法律文书的简明教程
employed as a cashier for twenty years, and never once was accused of stealing money from the register.
In the preceding example, the writer creates a greater emphasis on the defendant''s innocence by setting off the second part of the double predicate with a comma. Without the comma, the second thought seems like an afterthought.
使用逗号分隔句子避免歧义的例子：
Correct Use of Comma to Avoid Confusion:
The judge ruled that suppression of the evidence was required because it had been obtained illegally, and ordered the defendant released from prison.
In this example, the writer avoids confusion by using a comma to introduce the second in the series of compound verbs; without the comma, one might not be sure whether the verb “ordered” related to the subject “it” or the subject “the judge.” By contrast, in the sentence above about the restaurant customer, the comma is not needed, because it is a simple sentence.
10. 当用连词连接两个独立从句时，在连词前加逗号。连词包括“and,” “but,” “or,” “nor,” 和 “yet”。
When joining two independent clauses with a conjunction, place a comma before the conjunction. Conjunctions include the words “and,” “but,” “or,” “nor,” and “yet.”
Incorrect: The customer ate every piece of the apple pie and the waitress brought another pie.
Correct: The customer ate every piece of the apple pie, and the waitress brought another pie.
In the incorrect example, the reader may at first think the customer ate the pie and the waitress. In the correct example, the comma before the conjunction tells the reader, “Stop, another independent clause with its own subject (the waitress) is about to begin.”
，在which前面加逗号，但不要在that前面加逗号。虽然有的作者习惯于用which来引入限制性从句，传统用法是用that来引入限制性从句，用which来引入非限制性从句。在引入限制性从句时，在that前不要加逗号，在引入非限制性从句时，在which前一定要加逗号。
Generally, use a comma before “which” but not before “that.” Although some writers use “which” to introduce a restrictive clause, the traditional practice is to use “that” to introduce a restrictive clause and “which” to introduce a nonrestrictive clause. When writing a restrictive clause, do not place a comma before “that.” When writing a nonrestrictive clause, do place a comma before “which.”
Correct Restrictive Use:
The store honored the complaints that were less than 60 days old.
Correct Nonrestrictive Use:
The store honored the complaints, which were less than 60 days old.
These sentences have different meanings as well as different punctuation. In the restrictive sentence, the store honored only those complaints less than 60 days old, but not those over 60 days old. In the nonrestrictive sentence, the store honored all the complaints, all of which were less than 60 days old.
12. 在引号内加入逗号，不要在引号外面加，不论逗号是否是其所引用的引语的组成部分。一般的规则是，逗号，句号总是放在引号内，而其他标点，如问号，冒号，分号和感叹号都应该放在引号外面，除非他们原来就是所引用的引语的组成部分。
Place commas inside, not outside, quotation marks. Follow this practice whether or not the comma is part of the original quotation. The general rule is that commas and periods should be inside the quotation marks at all times, while all other forms of punctuation, such as question marks, colons, semicolons, and exclamation points, should be outside the quotation marks, unless they were contained in the original quotation.
Incorrect: The court held that “physical injury is not a required element of a sexual harassment claim”, and the plaintiff went on to win her case.
Correct: The court held that “physical injury is not a required element of a sexual harassment claim,” and the plaintiff went on to win her case.
13. 用两个逗号来分隔日期和地点。表述详细日期（年月日）时，或详细的地理位置（如国家，州，城市）时，在最后的项目前后加两个逗号。
Use two commas when setting off dates and places. When using a full date (month, date, year) or multi-part geographical designation (such as city and state or city and country), use two commas around the last part of the designation.
Incorrect: On June 28, 1974 Judge Hayes took her seat on the Supreme Court.
Correct: On June 28, 1974, Judge Hayes took her seat on the Supreme Court.
However: In June 1974 Judge Hayes took her seat on the Supreme Court.
Incorrect: Laredo, Texas was host for the 1994 World Rodeo Championship.
Correct: Laredo, Texas, was host for the 1994 World Rodeo Championship.
Incorrect: We arrived in Tokyo, Japan for the meeting of the G-7 leaders.
Correct: We arrived in Tokyo, Japan, for the meeting of the G-7 leaders.
篇3：简明批处理教程
最近对于批处理技术的探讨比较热，也有不少好的批处理程序发布，但是如果没有一定的相关知识恐怕不容易看懂和理解这些批处理文件，也就更谈不上自己动手编写了，古语云：“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔，”因为网上好像并没有一个比较完整的教材,所以抽一点时间写了这片>.
批处理文件是无格式的文本文件，它包含一条或多条命令。。在命令提示下键入批处理文件的名称，或者双击该批处理文件，。使用批处理文件（也被称为批处理程序或脚本），可以简化日常或重复性任务。当然我们的这个版本的主要内容是介绍批处理在入侵中一些实际运用，例如我们后面要提到的用批处理文件来给系统打补丁、批量植入后门程序等。下面就开始我们批处理学习之旅吧。


打开回显或关闭请求回显功能，或显示消息。如果没有任何参数，echo命令将显示当前回显设置。
语法
echo[{on|off}][message]
Sample?A HREF=“***@echo'>mailto:***@echo”>***@echo off/echohelloworld
在实际应用中我们会把这条命令和重定向符号（也称为管道符号，一般用>>>^）。
2.@ 命令
表示不显?A HREF=“mailto:@后面的命令，在入侵过程中（例如使用批处理来格式化敌人的硬盘）自然不能让对方看到你使用的命令啦。
”>@后面的命令，在入侵过程中（例如使用批处理来格式化敌人的硬盘）自然不能让对方看到你使用的命令啦。
Sample?A HREF=“***@echo'>mailto:***@echo”>***@echo of
***@echo Nowinitializingtheprogram,pleasewaitaminite...
***@format X:/q/u/autoset(format这个命令是不可以使用/y这个参数的，可喜的是微软留了个autoset这个参数给我们，效果和/y是一样的。)

指定跳转到标签，找到标签后，程序将处理从下一行开始的命令，
语法：gotolabel（label是参数，指定所要转向的批处理程序中的行。）
Sample：
if{%1}=={}gotonoparms
if{%2}=={}gotonoparms（如果这里的if、%1、%2你不明白的话，先跳过去，后面会有详细的解释。）
***@Rem checkparametersifnullshowusage
:noparms
echoUsage:
gotoend
标签的名字可以随便起，但是最好是有意义的字母啦，字母前加个：用来表示这个字母是标签，goto命令就是根据这个：来寻找下一步跳到到那里。最好有一些说明这样你别人看起来才会理解你的意图啊。

注释命令，在C语言中相当与/*--------*/,它并不会被执行，只是起一个注释的作用，便于别人阅读和你自己日后修改。
RemMessage
Sample?A HREF=“***@Rem'>mailto:***@Rem”>***@Rem Hereisthedescription.

运行Pause命令时，将显示下面的消息：
Pressanykeytocontinue...
Sample：
***@echo off
:begin
copya:*.*d：\\back
echoPleaseputanewdiskintodriverA
pause
gotobegin
在这个例子中，驱动器A中磁盘上的所有文件均复制到d:\\back中。显示的注释提示您将另一张磁盘放入驱动器A时，pause命令会使程序挂起，以便您更换磁盘，然后按任意键继续处理。

从一个批处理程序调用另一个批处理程序，并且不终止父批处理程序。call命令接受用作调用目标的标签。如果在脚本或批处理文件外使用Call，它将不会在命令行起作用。
语法
call[[Drive:][Path]FileName[BatchParameters]][:label[arguments]]
参数