外语介词短语.doc

英语介词短语的用法
1. 用作表语
Mr. Smith is still in bed. 史密斯先生还在睡觉。
He was already in his sixties. 他已经六十多岁了。
Dinner was at one o’clock. 一点钟开午饭。
We are out of food. 我们食物吃完了。
2. 用作状语
The children are playing by the river. 孩子们在河边玩。
They often talk in English after class. 他们经常在课后用英语交谈。
Let’s go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。
3. 用作定语
The woman in the room is his wife. 房间里的那个女人是他的妻子。
China is country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
【注】介词短语作定语时必须置于被修饰名词之后。又如:
the people on the bus 公共汽车上的人
the girl in front of me 我前面的女孩
a woman in black 一个穿黑衣的妇女
a book on sports 一本关于运动的书
a boy with red hair红头发的男孩
information about Paris关于巴黎的情况
4. 用作宾语补足语
We found her in tears. 我们发现她在哭泣。
The cold kept him in bed for three days. 这次感冒让他卧床三天。
【注】用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语:
He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。
5. 用作宾语
I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。
He goes to work every day except on Sunday. 除星期日外,他每天都上班。
I won’t go home until after the exam. 我要等考完后再回家。
6. 主语
Between 6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。
After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。
注:介词短语通常不用作主语,尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语,但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略:
“When are we going to have the next meeting?”“On Tuesday may be convenient.”“我们下次什么时候见面?”“星期二可能比较方便。”
此句中on Tuesday 虽用作主语,但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词,即:
Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.
常见介词及其词组的用法归纳
一、介词to的常见用法
+to
a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理;照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…,belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯,get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考;指的是…;涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。
b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb. announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。来源:考试大
c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb. add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join