过敏性鼻炎.ppt

Allergic Rhinitis
What is allergic rhinitis?
Rhinitis is a reaction that occurs in the nose when airborne irritants (allergens) trigger the release of histamine. Histamine causes inflammation and fluid production in the fragile linings of nasal passages, sinuses, and eyelids.
There is usually a family history of allergic rhinitis.
What are the types of allergic rhinitis?
The two categories of allergic rhinitis include:
seasonal - occurs particularly during pollen seasons.
perennial - occurs throughout the year
What are the causes of allergic rhinitis?
The mon causes of allergic rhinitis include the following:
pollen
dust mites
mold
animal dander
What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
The following are the mon symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
sneezing
congestion
runny nose
itchy nose, throat, eyes, and ears
nosebleeds
clear drainage from the nose
loss of smell
Children with perennial allergic rhinitis may also have the following:
recurrent ear infections
snoring
mouth breathing
fatigue
poor performance in school
What are the nasal examination of allergic rhinitis?
The nasal mucosa is moist and pale, grayish pink in color.
The turbinates appear swollen.
If there is an associated infection, the secretions range from thin and mucoid to thick and purulent.
Polyps.
Nasal examination
Treatment for allergic rhinitis:
Treatment options may include:
avoidance of the allergensAvoidance of the allergens that are causing the problem is the best treatment.
antihistaminesAntihistamines help to decrease the release of histamine, possibly decreasing the symptoms of itching, sneezing, or runny nose.
anti-inflammatory nasal spraysAnti-inflammatory nasal sprays help to decrease the swelling in the nose.
steroid nasal spraysSteroid nasal sprays also help to decrease the swelling in the nose. Steroid nasal sprays work best when used before the symptoms start, but c