论人民法庭制度的完善.docx

摘

要
人民法庭是基层人民法院的派出机构和组成部分。作为中国基层司法中一项
独特的制度,人民法庭制度及其改革也备受重视。1998年最高人民法院召开全国
人民法庭工作会议,随后在2000年和2004年两次召开全国法院加强基层建设工作
会议,而在2005年4月8日至10日,最高人民法院又一次召开全国人民法庭工作会
议,并颁布了《关于全面加强人民法庭工作的决定》,充分显示出人民法庭在基
层法治建设中的重要地位。
人民法庭制度从建国之初确立以来,随着社会经济的发展,几经变迁。理论
界曾经有过关于人民法庭存与废的激烈争论,但由于基层,尤其是农村的情况比
较复杂,所以当前形势下人民法庭仍有存续的必要性和正当性。司法实践中,人
民法庭的设置情况、人员结构、物质装备、司法过程等方面的现状反映出当下人
民法庭存在资源不足、部分职能虚置、审判机制运行不畅、社会地位失衡等问题。
分析问题存在的原因,得出农村社会的特性与法律普适性的不平衡、长久以来的
人民法庭职能定位不确切是法律根源,普法宣传不到位是主观原因,而司法不独
立、基层法律纠纷解决机制不协调则是体制障碍。因为人民法庭制度主要适用于
农村,人民法庭的运作深受农村的社会状况和文化的影响,而当前新农村建设正
成为未来国家资金投向与发展的一个着力点,所以利用转型期加强农村文化建设
的契机,通过适当的普法宣传提高当事人方的法律素质,同时,从人才、经费、
制度创新等方面全方位加强人民法庭的自身建设,并充分运用其它基层法律服务
机构和组织,可以形成各方互动、协调的局面,从而确保人民法庭能够名副其实
并真正发挥作用。
关键词:基层司法;人民法庭制度;法律文化
I
Abstract
People’s court is a dispatch part of the grass-roots court. As a unique system in
Chinese grass-roots judicial system, people's court system and its reform has been
paid more attention. A national people’s court work conference was held by the
Supreme People's Court in 1998, then another two work conferences on enhancing
grass-roots law construction were held in 2000 and 2004, next the national people’s
court work conference was held again from 8th to 10th April in 2005, and released the
decision of roundly enhancing the People’s Court System construction, the role of
People’s Court System in grass-roots law was defined after that meeting.
After the People's Court System established at the beginning of the PRC
founding, it has gone through several changes with the socio-economic changes and
development. There has been intense debate on whether terminate or keep people’s
courts among the theorists, however, due to plicated situation in grass-roots,
especially in rural areas, so it is necessary and legitimate to keep the people’s courts
currently. In judicial practice, there are some problems with the people’s court system,
which can be reflected by the status of the courts setting, personnel structure, material
and equipment,