48个国际音标.doc

元
音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:]
[]
[]
[u:]
[a:]
 
短元音
[i]
[]
[]
[u]
[]
[e]
[]
 
8个双元音
[ai]
[ei]
[i]
[i]
[]
[]
[u]
[au]
 
辅
音
10对
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[]
[ ∫]
[]
[tr]
[ts]
浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]
[v]
[z]
[]
[ ]
[]
[dr]
[dz]
3个鼻音
[m]
[n]
[]
 
3个似拼音
[h]
[r]
[l]
 
2个半元音
[w]
[j]
 
元音分为单元音和双元音:
:
单元音共有12个,包含:[a:][ʌ] [ ə:] [ə ] [i:] [i] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u:] [u] [e] [ æ]。
1) [a:] car [kɑ:], fast [fɑ:st], class [klɑ:s], farm [fɑ:m], park [pɑ:k] aunt [ɑ:nt,], after ['ɑ:ftə]
2) [ʌ] cup [kʌp], come [kʌm], love [lʌv], mother ['mʌðə], money ['mʌni], some [sʌm]
3) [ ə:] girl [ɡə:l], work [wə:k], serve [sə:v], nurse [nə:s]
4) [ə ] actor ['æktə] ago [ə'ɡəu], forget [fə'ɡet], polite ['pə:lait], dollar ['dɔlə]
5) [i:] sea [si:], he [hi:], see [si:], piece [pi:s]
6) [i] sit [sit], build [bild], miss [mis] myth [miθ]
7) [ɔ:] door [dɔ:], more [mɔ:], sport [spɔ:t], football['fut,bɔ:l], warm [wɔ:m]
8) [ɔ] hot [hɔt], want [wɔnt,], box [bɔks], dog [dɔɡ], fox [fɔks], job [dʒɔb], shop [ʃɔp]
9) [u:] who [hu:,], blue [blu:], soup [su:p], group [ɡru:p], food [fu:d], fruit [fru:t] zoo [zu:],
10) [u] look [luk], put [put] woman ['wumən], could [ kud], book [buk] good [ɡud]
11) [æ] am [æm], cat [kæt], happy ['hæpi], back [bæk] fact [fækt]
12) [e] bed [bed], desk [desk], head [hed]
长元音就是,[a:],[ə:][i:],[ɔ:],[u:]有 5 个。(有长音符号“:)
短元音就是[ʌ], [ə], [i],[ɔ], [u],[e] [ æ] 一共是 7个。
从表面上看,英语中的长元音与短元音的区别仅在于长音符号“:”,除此外几无差异。实际上却非这么简单。学习英语的长元音和短元音时,应该注意下面几点:
一. 念长元音时,一定要注意音的长度。学长元音时的通病是,念的长度不够,甚至念得和短元音一样。例如:
把 seat 〔 si:t 〕(座位)念成 sit[sit] (坐)
把 sheep[ F i:p] (绵羊)念成 ship 〔 F ip 〕(轮船);
二. 念短元音时,一定要念得短而自然。
,清辅音前的短元音应念得非常短。例如:
put 〔 put 〕(放)
cup 〔 k Q p 〕(杯子)
,可念和稍长一点,但也不能念成长元音。例如:
念 bid[bid] (命令)时,可以把〔 i 〕念得稍长一点,但不能念成 bead 〔 bi:d 〕(有孔小珠)。
二、双元音:
双元音共有8个包含:[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu ] [au] [iə] [ɛə] [ uə]
1) [ei] cake [keik], they [ðei,] play [plei], eight [eit], great [ɡreit]
2) [ai] bike [baik], die [dai], light ['lait], tr