南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧探析.doc

南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧探析-农学论文
南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧探析
李艳大1,舒时富1,陈立才1,叶春1,曾水生1,2,李星1,陈盾1
(1江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所,南昌330200;2江西农业大学工学院,南昌330045)
摘要:旨在探析南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧现状,为发展水稻生产机械化提供参考。阐述了南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧存在现有水稻品种对机械化插秧的适应性差、育秧与取土难、播种量大、缓苗期长、育秧分户经营、适应双季稻农艺生产要求的插秧机短缺及插秧机成本高等问题,并从农机农艺融合的角度提出了相应的解决对策。
关键词 :丘陵山区;水稻;机械化育插秧;问题;对策
中图分类号:S318 文献标志码:A 论文编号:2014-0487
Analysis of Rice Seedling and Planting Mechanization in Hills and Mountains of Southern China
Li Yanda1, Shu Shifu1, Chen Licai1, Ye Chun1, Zeng Shuisheng1,2, Li Xing1, Chen Dun1
(1Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China;2College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China)
Abstract: Rice seedling and planting mechanization status in hills and mountains of southern China wasanalyzed in order to provide references to develop rice production mechanization. This paper summarized theproblems of rice seedling and planting mechanization, such as the existed rice cultivars have bad suitable formechanized planting, seedling breeding and obtain soil difficult, excessive sowing rate, re- greening stageprolong, dispersive seedling breeding, the existed transplanter has bad suitable for agronomic productiondemand of double cropping rice and its price was high. The corresponding solution countermeasures wereproposed from the viewpoint bination of agricultural machinery and agronomy.
Key words: Hills and Mountains; Rice; Seedling and Planting Mechanization; Problem; Countermeasure
0 引言
%,水稻是该区域种植面积最大、产量最高的粮食作物,%,在中国粮食生产中占有重要的地位[1]。南方丘陵山区田块小、形状不规则、坡陡弯多、种植结构和栽培农艺繁杂,经济水平低,适用农机具短缺,水稻生产机械化水平明显落后于平原与滨湖地区,大多数区域仍处于初级发展阶段,区域发展很不平衡[2]。实现丘陵山区水稻生产机械化是发展水稻生产、降低生产成本和保障粮食安全的重要保障[3]。前人针对水稻机械化育插秧开展了广泛研究,罗锡文等[4]和何瑞银等[5]比较分析了不同人工与机械栽植方式对水稻产量的影响,表明机械栽植具有稳产、减少成本、增加工效的优势;张文毅等[6]分析了中国双季稻区机插秧发展存在的问题与对策;朱德峰等[7]探讨了中国水稻机插秧发展现状、存在问题及发展对策。上述研究主要侧重于平原或滨湖地区水稻不同种植方式的比较试验及机插秧的发展对策,而针对中国南方丘陵山区水稻机械化育插秧发展现状的研究相对较少。随