防灾避难场所规划方法及其应用分析.docx

ABSTRACT
With wide recognition of the importance of emergency shelter to urban and rural security and sustainable development, construction of the emergency shelter begins to develop on a large scale from the preliminary demonstration and pilot. But the planning of the emergency shelters has not yet formed the mature theoretical framework and technical methods. Some vital and difficult problems, such as the emergency shelter planning standards of villages and small towns, location suitability evaluation, layout optimization and division of responsibility area are not fully resolved, which has e the bottleneck of the emergency shelter construction. In this paper, using the basic theory and method of the disaster prevention and mitigation engineering, location selection of public facilities, geographical information system, decision support system and emergency management, the author has made an in-depth and systematic analysis, and obtained some research results of scientific significance and application value.
The theoretical basis of villages and small towns emergency shelter planning in China is very weak, the existing city planning standards are not instructional enough for rural areas, and the planning index from the limited research in this field is not applicable enough. This paper puts forward the classification of emergency shelter system in villages and small towns, defining the scale of each kind, effective shelter area, responsibility scope, emergency facilities configuration, and classification of emergency road and effective width and other technical indexes. The results of the planning instances show that the technology index has better applicability. It is the initial formation of the technical index system of emergency shelter planning in villages and small towns, the relevant research results have been incorporated into the national standard “Provisions for Design Code of Disasters Mitigation Emergency Congregate Shelter”.
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