初中英语词汇语法动词.doc

初中英语词汇语法动词.doc初中英语词汇语法动词-ing
一、动词-ing形式作主语 
动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,包括-ing分词和-ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1. 一般形式
Seeing is believing. 
眼见为信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 
乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
2. 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。如:
It's nice talking with you. 
和你谈话很高兴。
It's no use arguing with him. 
跟他争论没用。
3. “There + be + no + -ing”结构,此结构的意义相当于“It's impossible + 不定式”。如:
There is no harm in doing so. 
这样做没有害处。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing可用来作表语。如:
This food smells inviting. 
这种食物香味怡人。
My favorite sport is swimming. 
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window. 
他们的工作是打扫窗子。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语 
1. 动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
I warned her against driving fast. 
Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 
2. 有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词,常见的这类动词有:admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。
The doctor advised taking more exercise. 
医生建议多锻炼。
I suggest doing it in a different way. 
我建议用不同的方法做。
3. 大部分“动词+介词”短语动词,只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有:think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。
以下为to作介词的短语有:be used to, object t