材料导论解释.doc

2. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles金属纳米粒子的合成
Synthesis of MNPs is carried out by several physical and chemical methods that include laser ablation 激光消融(Mafuné et al. 2001), ion sputtering离子溅射(Raffi et al. 2007), svothermaoll synthesis 综合(Rosemary, T. Pradeep 2003), chemical reduction (Chaki 2002), and sol-gel (Shukla and Seal 1999) method. Basically, there are two approaches for nanoparticle synthesis, the top-down and bottom-up. Top-down approaches seek to create nanoscale纳米级 objects by using larger, externally-controlled外控的 microscopic极小的 devices to direct指导 their assembly, while bottom-up approaches adopt ponents分子组成 that are built up into plex assemblies. The top-down approach often uses microfabrication微型品制造 techniques where externally controlled tools are used to cut, mill, and shape materials into the desired shape and size. Micropatterning techniques, such as photolithography影印石板术 and inkjet printing喷墨 are well known examples of top-down approach. On the other hand, bottom-up approaches use the self-assembled 自动组装的性能 properties of single molecules分子 into some useful conformation构造. monly used physical and chemical methods are described in the following paragraphs.
金属纳米粒子的合成是通过包括激光消融、离子溅射、综合技术、化学削减和凝胶方法在内的几种物理和化学方法实现的。一般来说,有两种综合纳米粒的方法是自顶向下和自底向上。自顶向下的方法是通过使用相对比较大的外控小的设备来控制他们的集结以达到创造纳米级物体的目的,然而,自底向上的方法是采用更加复杂集结的分子组成。自顶向下的方法通常是使用外控工具将材料裁剪、打磨、塑形成想要的形状和大小的微型品制造技术。像影印石板术和喷墨印