英语习语讲座.ppt

A course of lectures

____English idioms
There are plenty more fish in the sea
(原义:海里有的是鱼)
(比喻义:天涯何处无芳草)
Cool fish(怪人)
Loose fish(放荡的家伙)
Shy fish(害羞的人)
Cold fish(冷漠的人)
Poor fish(可怜虫)
It is an expression established in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in grammatical construction or in having a meaning that can not be derived as a whole from the conjoined meaning of its elements ,gennerally speaking,proverbs are taken from idioms.
Idioms
The origin of idioms
17Century—— idiotism(idiot)
Now —— idiom
16Century—— idiotisme
The character of idioms
整体性(single unit)
凝固性(institutionalization)
不可替代性(irreplaceability)
1、习语的组成词不能随意更换,即使用同义词替换也往往使习语意义丧失。
Smell a rat (T) 感到可疑
Smell a mouse (F)
See red (T) 发火,生气
See scarlet (F)
Kick the bucket (T) 死
Kick the pail (F)
Make haste (T) 赶快
Make hurry; do haste (F)
Dark horse (T) 黑马
Black horse (F)
The strucktural character of idioms(习语的结构特征)
(set phrase 或 accepted phrase),其结构严密,组成习语的词不得随意分隔或拆开。
eg::赶快 Make haste (T)
Make him haste (F)
发出警告 read the riot act (T)
It was the riot act that John read to me (F)
推诿责任 pass the buck (T)
It was the buck that John (F)
3. 有些习语的结构违反正常的语法规则。
At large(逍遥法外)
Make believe(假装)
As sure as eggs is eggs(千真万确)
The devil take the hindmost(落后者遭殃)
By and large(大概); room and to spare(很有余地)
Trip the light fantastic(跳舞)
4. 习语的构成词稍有变化就可能变成另一习语,意义则大不一样。
Before long(不久之后)——long before(很久以前)
Rain cats and dogs(倾盆大雨)—— rain dogs and cats(下雨下了狗各猫)
In a state(乱七八糟)—— in state(隆重地)
Out of question(毫无疑问)—— out of the question(绝不可能)
Hard line(强硬路线)—— hard lines(倒霉,厄运)
Join forces(联合起来)—— join the forces(参军)
In a mood(心情不好)—— in the mood(有兴趣,想做)
Rush season(旺季,忙季)—— rush the season(赶季节)
Go to a show(去看演出)—— go to show(证明;说明)
5. 习语里名词的数受到严格限制,有的原型是单数的,不能随意改为复数。
eg:约翰上周死了。
John kicked the bucket last week. (T)
John kicked the buckets last week. (F)
,也不能随意变为单数。
eg:玛丽泄露了秘密。
Mary spilled the beans. (T)
Mary spilled the bean. (F)
只能用复