明代剧坛“戏改戏”现象分析.docx

内容摘要
明代剧坛存在相当普遍的“戏改戏”现象,即剧作家对已有的戏曲作品进行改编。如李日华、崔时佩的《南西厢》、秦之鉴的《翻西厢》、周公鲁的《锦西厢》等均为王实甫《西厢记》的改编本;冯梦龙的《墨憨斋定本传奇》为冯氏改编集;李开先有改编集《改定元贤传奇》等, 这些改编本是明剧坛改编实绩的典型代表。另有改编本如《金锁记》、《青衫记》、《彩楼记》、吕硕园之《还魂记》等,与前述改编本一起组成了明代改编剧的基础。“戏改戏”现象之出现原因,主要有四方面:一、社会因素;二、改编者力求完美的尝试;三、不同戏剧观使然;四、改编者自身其它因素等。明剧坛“戏改戏”现象有其积极意义,如增强了戏剧艺术与其它文体间的某些衔接;有利于戏剧母体的传播与接受;促进了某些戏剧理论的形成与完备等。同时也有消极影响,如在有关方面影响了戏剧艺术本身的自由发展;在相关方面破坏了原剧的内部机制;在一定程度上加深了由“场上之曲”到“案头文学”的发展趋势等。总体看来,明代戏剧改编现象在文史上的地位不可否定,其改编理论是中国古典戏曲理论的重要组成部分;其改编本亦是古典戏曲的重要组成部分, 二者共同构成了中国古代文学史上一道灿烂景观。
关键词:明剧坛,“戏改戏”,实绩,原因和动机,评价
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ABSTRACT
There is a mon "play modified play" phenomenon in the Ming dynasty in theatrical circles. the plays right to adapt existing Opera works. Such as Li Rihua,Cui
Shipei, Qin Zhijian in the South of the West Chamber, Zhou Gonglu the Kam of the romance of the West Chamber are Wang Shifu of the adaptation of the West Chamber. Feng Menglong Muo Hanzhai this legend as Feng Shi adaptation sets; Li Kaixian has adapted sets such as the legend of bona Yuan Xian, These adaptations were the Ming theatrical circles adaptations typical representative of the performance. Other adaptations
such as the gold lock kee, the Green shirts in mind, and the decorated Archway JI, Lv
Shuoyuan of the revive in mind these, together with the foregoing adapted this formed the basis of adaptations of Opera in the Ming dynasty. Also it is an integral content of study adaptation phenomena. Adaptation of its reasons, it gave instructions from four
points at least :First , a social factor ; Second, the adapter attempts to strive for
, different drama opinion;Fourth, adapted themselves to other factors. Of course, Ming theatrical circles "play modified play" phenomenon has its positive significance, such as enhanced some convergence between the theatre and other stylistic; material transmission and acceptance of conducive to drama ; promoted the formation of some drama theory plete, and so on. Also it has negative impacts, such as in some way af