小学英语语法知识.doc

:表示人或事物等名称的词。如:Tom, Beijing, China, milk, ,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;
二、名词的数:
1、可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。
(1)表示一个人或物时,用单数形式:
如:a pen, a book, a desk, a bus, a bike,
an egg, an apple, an orange, an hour,
an eye, an ear, an arm, an old man.
(2)表示二者或者二者以上的人或者物时用复数形式:
如:two books, three pencils, four peaches,
five boys, some gifts, many people.
:
a. 名词变复数不规则形式:(一定要记牢!!)
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, snowman-snowmen.
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose(鹅)-geese, child-children, people-people, sheep-sheep, fish-fish, deer(鹿)-deer, Chinese(中国人)-Chinese
b. 可数名词变复数规则形式:
(1)在名词末尾加s. 例如:bike-bikes, map-maps, pen-pens, egg-eggs, day-days, boy-boys.
(2)以s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词,在词尾加es. 例如:bus-buses, class-classes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, peach-peaches, box-boxes, fox-foxes.
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,先把f或fe变为v再加es. 例如:leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, knife(小刀)-knives.
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,先把y变为i后再加es. 例如:baby-babies, family-families, strawberry-strawberries,
(5)以o结尾的名词,表示有生命的在词尾加es,
例如:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes,
表示无生命的在词尾加s.
例如:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos.
3. 不可数名词的数量表示法:
不可数名词没有单复数变化,如果要表示数量时可以用下面的公式记忆:
数词+计量单位名词+of+不可数名词
例如:a piece of paper(一张纸),
a piece of meat(一块肉),
a cup of tea(一杯茶),
a bowl of rice(一碗米饭),
a bottle of pop(一瓶汽水),
two cups of tea(两杯茶),
three pieces of bread(三块面包),
five bags of rice(五袋大米).
三、名词的所有格:
英语中表示人或事物的所属关系时,用名词的所有格,意思是“……的”。
1. 有生命事物的名词的所有格:
(1)单数名词后加“’s”
例如:Li Ming’s kite, Danny’s hat, Jenny’s camera, my father’s car.
(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加“’”例如:Teachers’ Day, the nurses’ office.
(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加“’s”例如:Children’s Day, Women’s Day, men’s clothes.
2. 无生命事物的名词的所有格:
用of所有格表示。
例如:the windows of the classroom,
a picture of Danny, a map of China, a flag of China.
名词专项练习题
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
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17.