董氏针灸脚部穴位图库ppt课件.ppt

民主模式与媒介批评
赵月枝
西蒙弗雷泽大学
加拿大国家研究教授
与上次讲座相关的文章
赵月枝:《传播政治经济学研究前沿与路径》,范敬宜、李彬(编),《马克思主义新闻观15讲》,北京:清华大学出版社, 2007, 页235-258。
赵月枝、邢国欣,《传播政治经济学》,刘曙明、洪浚浩(编),《传播学》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007, 页511-538。
一、媒体批评
定义:按不同的民主模式对媒体表现进行系统检视与衡量的一个研究领域
广义媒体批评:面对整个媒体系统和结构
狭义媒体批评:根据“公认”的标准或规范对媒体内容进行系统检视与衡量
媒体研究史上著名的例子:
李普曼和Charles Mertz 对NYT mission on Freedom of Press, 1947:一个自由与负责的报业
UNESCO sponsored “television traffic: a one way street?”/《一个世界,多种声音》
二、“民主是个好东西”,但什么是民主?
Basic Semiotics: Two dimensions of a sign
Denotation
Connotation
三种民主模式及相应的媒介批评
1. The Market Liberal Perspective on Media and Democracy
Views democracy not as an end in itself, but as normally the best institutional arrangement to maintain political stability and individual rights, particularly economic rights of ownership, contract and exchange. Although market liberals often adopt a populist stance, their emphasis on private consumption rather than public virtue meshes with an elitist version of democracy, classically articulated by Schumpeter (1942).
In this view, democracy is a procedure for selecting leaders, with citizen participation confined mainly to voting every few years -- essentially, the role of consumers in a political marketplace.
Media in this model are regarded basically as other industries, best left unregulated by government so as to respond to consumer preferences in the marketplace;
The main civil role of media is to act as a watchdog on government, which is considered the main threat to individual freedom.
If market liberal see a democratic deficit in Western media, they attribute it mainly to state intervention in the media sector (particularly public service broadcasting), and/or to the perceived leftist biases of journalists
Problems: dismissal of public participation, lack of attention on private power
Journalists' struggle for autonomy from politicians' "spin doctors" has driven them to a semi-adversarial stance, focussing on politicians' strategies and scandals rather than substantive