三海欢乐购物公园项目说明书.ppt

Ethical Issues in Global Business
Marketing and safety practices
– Nestle: the Baby Killers; Union Carbide: Bhopal
Sweatshop and labour abuse
- Wal-Mart’s Kathy Lee collection (20 hrs/day @ $)
Corruption and bribery
- Gulf Oil: political contributions to Korea ($ million) – Lockheed: bribes to Middle East ($22 million) and Japan ($ million)
Bribes vs. Grease Payments
Definitions
Grease Payments—Money given for the purpose of getting minor officials to do what they are supposed to be doing.
Bribes—Relatively large amounts of money given far the purpose of influencing officials to make decisions or take actions that they otherwise might not take.
Examples
Money given to minor officials (clerks, attendants, customs inspectors) for the purpose of expediting a project
Money given, often to high-ranking officials. Purpose is often to get these persons to purchase goods or services from the bribing firm.
The Moral Philosophy Framework
Cultural Relativism:
Cultural theories
Situational ethics
“When in Rome…do as the Romans do.”
Limitation:
Which Romans?
Arguments For and Against Bribery
For
A necessary tool
Accepted practice
Form mission, tax, pensation
Against
Wrong/promise personal beliefs
Promotes government corruption
Benefits recipient only
Creates dependence on corruption
Deceives stockholders
Improving Global Business Ethics
Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT)
Hypernorms-- transcultural values including fundamental human rights
Consistent norms-- norms that are culturally specific, but consistent with hypernorms
Moral free space norms-- strongly held cultural beliefs in countries that are in tension with hypernorms
Illegitimate norms– those norms that are patible with hypernorms
Using ISCT: The Case of Bribery
Is bribery part of moral free space or is it an illegitimate norm?
1) violates agent / principal contract
2) against law in all countries
3) violates political participation hypernorm
4) violates economic efficiency hyperno