毕业设计（论文）-基于单片机的超声波测距仪的设计.doc

江阴职业技术学院
毕业论文
课题:超声波测距仪的设计与实现
专业
学生姓名
班级
学号
指导教师
完成日期
摘要
超声波具有指向性强,能量消耗慢,传播距离较远等优点,所以在利用传感器技术和自动控制技术相结合的测距方案中,超声波测距是目前应用最普遍的一种。它广泛应用于建筑施工,防盗,倒车,水位测量以及一些工业现场。
本设计采用以STC89C52单片机为核心的低功耗,高性能,微型化液晶显示的超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法。系统的设计主要包括两部分:即硬件电路和软件部分。硬件电路主要包括单片机电路、超声波的发射和接收电路、显示电路等。发射探头的信号经放大发射出去,单片机开始计时,超声波遇到障碍物返回,接收电路经过放大滤波等环节,然后被单片机接收,单片机停止计时并计算距离。软件部分主要由住程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序等组成。它控制单片机进行数据发送与接收,正确的数据液晶显示。该设计合理、工作稳定、易于实时控制,在精度方面达到工业实用要求。
Abstract
Ultrasonic wave has strong directivity, the energy consumption is slow, communication distance etc., so in the use of sensor technology and automatic control bining the ranging scheme, the ultrasonic ranging is currently the mon one. It is widely used in building construction, anti-theft, reversing, level measurement and some industrial site.
The design used in the STC89C52 MCU as the core of low power, high performance, miniaturized liquid crystal display ultrasonic rangefinder hardware circuit and software design method. System design mainly includes two parts : the hardware circuit and the software part. The hardware electric circuit prises a singlechip circuit, an ultrasonic emitting and receiving circuit, display circuit. Transmit probe signals are amplified to launch, the microcontroller start timing, ultrasonic obstacle return, receiving circuit through an amplifying and filtering etc, and then be single-chip receiver, microcontroller stops timing and distance calculation. The software part is posed of a live program, subroutine, subroutine, showing emission receiving subprogram. The control of single-chip puter for data transmission and reception, the correct data of liquid crystal display. The design is reasonable, stable, easy to control, the accuracy achieved practical requirements of industrial.
目录
摘要 I
Abstract I
目录 II
第一章绪论 1
课题设计目的及意义 1
设计的目的 1
设计的意义 1
超声波测距仪的现状和发展 2
第二章总体方案设计 3
方案一:采用单片机来控制的超声波测距仪 3
方案二:采用CPLD来控制的超声波测距仪 3
方案三:采用锁相环频率合成技术实现超声波测距 3
系统各模块的方案选