一次征服虚拟语气语法.doc

虚拟语气
一、概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
二、在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
: 主将从现 If es, he will bring his violin.

条件从句(if)的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
一般过去式(be---were)
would / could / might / should +
与过去事实相反
过去完成式had +done
would /could / might / should +have done
与将来事实相反
①一般过去式
②should +
③were to do
would / could / might / should +
a. If they were here, they would help you. If she had time, she would go with you.
b. If she had worked harder, she would have eeded.
C. If you eeded, everything would be all right.
If you should eed, everything would be all right.
If you were to eed, everything would be all right.
三、混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
四、.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
1)Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.
2)Had e earlier, you would have met him=If you e earlier, you would have met him.
3)Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
五、特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1) 在主语从句中的应用
①It is insisted/ mand/ suggested /advised/ proposed
required/demande