后置后驱二轴客车驱动桥壳设计指导书.doc

摘要

驱动桥位于传动系末端,其基本功用是增矩、降速,承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的作用力。它的性能好坏直接影响整车性能,而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。驱动桥的主要由主减速器、差速器、半轴和驱动桥壳等组成。其中驱动桥壳用以支承并保护主减速器、差速器、和半轴等;与从动桥一起支撑车架及其上的各总成重量;并承受汽车行驶时由车轮传来的各种反力及力矩,经悬架传给车架。
由于驱动桥壳是汽车的重要的承载件和传力件,桥壳的性能和强度显得尤为重要,尤其是载人较多的大中型客车,对传动系要求很高,对车桥的要求更为重要。中重型客车的驱动桥类似于载重汽车的驱动桥,但因为客车承载的是人,在可靠性、平顺性和舒适性等方面要求的更为严格,总体布置形式两者有所不同。
现在的驱动桥壳可以分类为两种:整体式桥壳和分段式桥壳。整体式桥壳具有较大的强度和刚度,桥壳与主减速器壳分开制造,便于主减速器装配、调整和维修等优点。在结构上,针对多种不同的制造方法,整体式桥壳有多种不同的形式。因而被中重型载重车辆广泛采用。分段式桥壳分为左右两端,制造工艺简单,但维修时麻烦,现在很少采用。
本文所作的主要工作如下:
(1)简要介绍客车驱动桥壳的结构
(2)根据数据设计出该车的许用弯曲应力及扭转应力,看其是否满足强度需求
(3)简要介绍后桥壳制造工艺
关键字:驱动桥;传动系;大型客车;制造工艺

Abstract
Drive axle is at the end of the powertrain, and its basic function is increasing the torque and reducing the speed,bearing the force between the road and the frame or body. Its performance will have a direct impact on automobile performance .Drive axle is posed of a main speed reducer, gear, axle and drive axle housing. The drive axle housing for supporting and protecting the main reducer, differential, and the axle shaft; and the driven axle supporting frame and the weight of each assembly; and bear the vehicle wheel came by various force and torque, the suspension to frame.
Since the drive axle housing is an important vehicle carrying and ponent, axle housing performance and strength is particularly important, especially the manned more heavy passenger car, the transmission is high, the requirement is more important for axle. Heavy passenger car drive bridge similar to the truck drive axle, but because the bus carrying the people, in reliability, smoothness fort of more stringent requirements, the overall layout of the two different.
The drive axle housing can be classified into two kinds: integral bridge shell and segmental bridge shell. Integral type axle housing with high strength and stiffness, the bridge shell and the main reducer casing of separate manufacturing, convenient for main reducer assembly, adjustment and repair etc.. In the structure, for a variety of