初中英语易混词总结.doc

初中英语易混词总结
, speak, talk, tell
   这四个词都有“说”的意思,其用法差异主要在于各自强调的对象、内容不
同。
(1) say的意思是“说”、“讲”、“说出”,是及物动词,强调“说”的内容。不
仅可指口头“说”,而且可指书面“说”。
eg: ① He said nothing to me. 他对我什么也没说。
    ② He said in his letter that he was getting on well with his life.
       他在信中说,他生活得很好。
固定搭配:say hello/good bye/sorry to sb. 向某人问候/告别/道歉
          say “ yes ” to sb . = agree with sb. 同意某人
          say “ no ” to sb. = disagree with sb. 不同意某人
  (2) speak表“说”、“讲”,它可以表示任何一种方式的“说话”。它着重“说话”这一动作本身,而不强调所“说”的内容。它通常为不及物动词,但它也可以作及物动词,后接the language、the truth、a word等,或接表示语言名称的名词。
       eg: ①Please speak more slowly and clearly. 请说慢些和清楚些。
           ②Who is speaking? 你是谁?(打电话时用语)
           ③Can you speak Japanese? 你会讲日语吗?
       固定搭配:speak to sb. 对某人说话
                 speak highly of 称赞
                 speak one’s mind 说心里话; 直言不讳
   (3) talk表示“交谈”、“谈话”,它指连贯地与人交谈,着重指说话的动作,而不强调说话的内容。它一般用作不及物动词。
       eg: ①What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
           ②We are talking about the Chinese football match.
          我们在谈论中国足球比赛。
       固定搭配:talk with/to sb. 和某人谈话
                 talk about sb./sth. 谈论某人/某事
                 talk with sb. about sth. = talk about sth. with sb. 
和某人谈论某事
(4) tell表“告诉”、“讲述”之意,是及物动词,常强调所讲的内容,不表
示动作。
重点句式:tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事
          eg: He told me nothing. = He told nothing to me.
          他什么也没告诉我。
          tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)去做某事
          eg: He told us not to worry about him.
             他告诉我们不要为他担心。
          tell sb. +that-clause/who-clause 告诉某人……
          eg: He told me that he ing.
             他告诉我说他要来。
 固定搭配:tell… from…区分,辨别
           tell a story 讲故事
           tell the truth 讲真话
 
2、spend, pay, cost, take
(1) spend vt. “花费(时间,精力,财力等)”,行为的主体只能是人,其常用
结构是“sb. spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth. 在……上花时间/金
钱”。
eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day.
   =I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day.
   我每天花两小时做家庭作业。
此外,spend 还有“度过”的意思,如 spend one’s holiday “度假”。