二级斜齿轮减速器优化设计.doc

摘要

齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式。它的主要优点是:
①瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力;
②适用的功率和速度范围广;
③传动效率高,η=-;
④工作可靠、使用寿命长;
⑤外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑。由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛。
国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主,但普遍存在着功率与重量比小,或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题。另外,材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点,特别是大型的减速器问题更突出,使用寿命不长。国外的减速器,以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位,特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势,减速器工作可靠性好,使用寿命长。但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主,体积和重量问题,也未解决好。
当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展。减速器与电动机的连体结构,也是大力开拓的形式,并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品。近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展,使得机械加工精度,加工效率大大提高,从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化,整机配套的模块化,标准化,以及造型设计艺术化,使产品更加精致,美观化。
针对减速器存在的问题,本课题采用优化设计的方法,力求使减速器的体积达到最小,建立数学模型,并通过matlab语言编辑后,得到一组优化数据,到达预期目标,使减速器的体积比传统的经验设计结果减小20%--30%。并对输出轴做了机械加工工艺分析。
关键字:减速器优化设计齿轮机械传动
Abstract
Wheel gear's spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern main advantage BE:The
① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope
② applies are wide;
③ spreads to move an efficiency high, η=-;
④ work is dependable, service life long;
⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly wheel gear constituted to°from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or anization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machine's problem is more outstanding, the service life isn't deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Ja