粗酚论文煤焦油中酚的加工及应用.doc

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煤焦油中酚的加工及应用
[摘要] :酚类是煤焦油中提取的主要化工产品之一,各个产品的组成和产率与配煤组成、配煤性质及炼焦操作的条件有关。炼焦温度越高,酚类产率越低,期中低级酚减少,而高级酚增加,煤焦油中酚类波动较大,为1%~%。其中大部分是低沸点酚类(酚、甲酚、二甲酚),一般约占煤焦油中酚类总量的60%以上。而且酚类物质会使油品的残炭量增加、味臭、变色、具有腐蚀性及燃烧情况不好等负面作用,因此它的存在对油品是一种有害物质,但将其从煤焦油中分离精制作为化工原料却是极有价值的。以酚类为原料,可以生产许多种产品如:塑料、粘结剂、杀虫剂、消毒剂、表面活性剂、鞣剂等。随着工业的迅速发展,对酚类物质的需求量也逐渐增加。因此,从煤焦油中提取酚是对煤焦油综合利用的有效途径之一。所以本文以煤焦油为研究对象,采用酸碱法对其中所含酚类物质进行提取,对粗酚精制及酚类产品用途的介绍。
[关键词]:煤焦油酚酚类产品精制用途
The processing and application of coal tar phenol
[ Abstract ]: phenol is one of the main chemical products from coal tar, composition, each position and yield of coal blending and coking properties and operating conditions on the. The higher the coking temperature, phenol yield is low, in the period of lower phenol decreased, while senior phenols increased, coal tar phenolic fluctuations, 1% ~ %. Most of them are low boiling phenols ( phenol, cresol, xylenol, generally about two ) accounted for total phenols in coal tar 60%. But phenols will make the carbon residue oil increases, foul smell, discoloration, corrosion, bustion conditions and other negative effects, so it is a kind of harmful substances in the oil, but from the coal tar refining as chemical raw materials is very valuable. Taking phenol as raw material, can produce many kinds of products such as: plastic, adhesive, insecticide, disinfectant, surfactant, tanning agent. With the rapid development of industry, the demand for phenols increased. Therefore, the extra