肝硬化、肝癌（精选）.ppt

肝硬化 Liver Cirrhosis
2004-04-29
[概念] 由于肝细胞弥漫性变性、坏死,
引起纤维组织增生和肝细胞结节状再生,
最终导致肝脏组织结构和血液循环途径
改变,肝脏变形、变硬。
What is Cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis is a long lasting (chronic) liver disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue. Liver cells regenerate in an abnormal pattern, primarily forming nodules (hard, raised areas) that are surrounded by scar tissue. This scar tissue prevents the blood flow to and through the liver. This reduced blood flow affects the way the liver performs important functions such as the processing of nutrients, hormones, and detoxifying drugs and poisons, including alcohol.
Cirrhosis is scarring and decreased function of the liver, and alcoholism is just one of its many causes, including diseases that cause liver damage. In children, rare diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, biliary atresia, glycogen storage disease. In adults, it is typically caused by hepatitis B or C, primary biliary cirrhosis, diseases of abnormal storage of metals like iron or copper in the body (hemochromatosis), severe reactions to non-prescription drugs, or injury to the ducts that drain bile from the liver. Click here to see a picture of cirrhosis.
分类---综合分类
门脉性肝硬化
坏死后性肝硬化
胆汁性肝硬化
淤血性肝硬化
肝硬化的病因
Causes of Cirrhosis
Although very often associated with alcohol abuse, cirrhosis of the liver can result from may causes. Almost any chronic liver disease can lead to cirrhosis. Here are some of the causes:
· Alcoholic liver disease· Chronic viral hepatitis B ,C and D· Autoimmune hepatitis· Inherited metabolic diseases (eg. haemochromatosis, Wilsons disease)· Chronic bile duct diseases· Congestive heart failure· Parasitic infections· Liver inflammation caused by fatty liver disease· Long exposure to toxins or drugs
1、病毒性肝炎:
肝硬化可由乙肝、丙肝、丁肝发展为慢性演变而成,乙型及丙型在我国最常见.
70%↑肝硬化与病毒性肝炎有关, HBsAg或HBeAg(乙肝e抗原)持续阳性的慢迁肝患者出现肝硬化的几率有50%.
约70%丙型肝炎呈慢性经过,其中约30%发展为肝硬化.
丁肝病毒须依赖HBV抗原进行复制和表达,因此其感染只发生于乙型肝炎患者,伴HDV感染的慢性乙型肝炎病情较重,易发展为肝硬化,乙肝合并丁肝病毒感