过去式的变化规则.doc

【过去式的变化规则】
①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。
如:wanted,played。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。
如:hoped,lived。
③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopped, shipped。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。
如:studied,worried。
⑤有些动词不符合上面的规则,需要特殊记忆。
如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, eat-ate,
Swim-swam, buy-bought, see-saw,
Teach-taught, bring-brought, think-thought,
Fall-fell, hurt-hurt, break-broke, win-won,
Lose-lost
规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:
在浊辅音和元音后面[d]
Called borrowed
Moved [mu:vd] enjoyed
ed answered
在清辅音后面[t]
Asked finished
helped [helpt]
passed [pa:st]
Reached
在[t]音后面[id]
wanted ['wCntid] started['sta:tid]
[d]音后面[id]
Needed ['ni:did] counted['kauntid]0
清:/p//t//k//f//F/s//W//tF//ts//tr/
浊:/b//d//g//v//V//z//T//dV//dz//dr/
补充说明:
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—sm