英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种.doc

英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如:
English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。
The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
2. 九种时态的被动语态:be +过去分词
1 一般现在时的被动语态 am / is / are+ 过去分词
2 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were+ 过去分词
3 现在进行时的被动语态 am / is / are +being+ 过去分词
4 过去进行时的被动语态 was / were +being+ 过去分词
5 现在完成时的被动语态 have / has been +过去分词
6 过去完成时的被动语态 had been+ 过去分词
7 将来完成时的被动语态 will / shall have been+过去分词
8 一般将来时的被动语态 will / shall be+ 过去分词
9 过去将来时的被动语态 would / should be +过去分词
请看以下用例:
We are given a lot of homework to do. 我们有很多作业要做。
They were given a warm send-off. 他们受到热烈的欢送。
I think we are being followed. 我想有人在跟踪我们。
They told me that the case was being investigated. 他们告诉我案子正在调查。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。
He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。
Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught. 仔细检查一遍,把所有错误都出来。
He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。如:
You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。
Whenever (they are) known, such facts should be reported. 这类情况一旦发现就要报告。
Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。
4. 短语动词的被动语态
“动词+介词或副词”构成的短语动词,以及“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词。