现在完成时 现在完成进行时12.28.doc

现在完成时
一、基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二、句型:
否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
He has (just/already) come. (含义:他现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work. (含义可能是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段), since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句(过去时)
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn'e back yet. 他还没有回来。
以ever和never为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
以so far(到目前为止)为标志
He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。