英语语法.doc

来源:普特英语
代词

定义:代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词:

1)和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:
I am reading The Arabian 《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰•史密斯。(作主语)
Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)
That's 。(作表语)
2)His father is an eye-。(作定语)
All men are 。(作定语)
3)格的变化有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格,如whose谁的,other's别人的,somebody's某人的,one's一个人的。
4)单复数形式有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones,other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。
5)有或没有冠词代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。
种类
:
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.
b)宾格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun):
a)形容词性物主代词:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.
b)名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.
3)自身代词(self-pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.
7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.

表示"我',、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词,叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法
1)人称代词主格的用法
a)作主语
I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,
You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.
He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers.
She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses.
It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.
b)作表语
It's I .是我。 Oh,it's you. 噢,是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)
[注二]口语习惯上不说it's I (he, she等),而说It's me (him,her等)。
2)人称代词宾格的用法
a)作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit 。
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim 。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子,你喜欢吗?
b)作介词的宾语
My brother often