被动语态.doc

个性化教学辅导教案
学科: 英语任课教师: 陈胜群授课日期: 2011年月日(星期)
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初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词的语态讲解试题
动词的语态
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,例如:
Many people speak English .  (主动语态)
English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)
1、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下:
肯  定  句: 主语+ be+ 过去分词+(by…)         eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).
否  定  句:主语+ be not +过去分词+(by…)        eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).
一般疑问句:Be + 主语+过去分词+ (by…)?        eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词+ (by…)? eg. What is this sweater made of?
现以动词give为例,其被动语态的各种时态如下:
式
时
 
一般
 
进行
 
完成
现在
Am / is /are + given
Am/is/are +being + given
Have / has +been +given
过去
Was / were + given
Was / were + being + given
Had +been + given
将来
Shall/ will + given
Shall / will +be + given
Should /would + be + given
含情态词的
Can / may /must +be +given
3、被动语态的用法:
  1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。例如:
  This jacket is made of cotton.
  English is spoken in many countries in the world.
2) 强调动作的承受者时。如:The boy was saved at 。
3) 主动语态变被动语态的步骤:
主动句:  The boy     broke     the window  yesterday.
被动句: The