分离乙醇-正丙醇混合液的浮阀精馏塔课程设计报告.doc

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华北科技学院环境工程系
《化工原理》
课程设计报告
设计题目分离乙醇-正丙醇混合液的浮阀精馏塔
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化工原理课程设计任务书
:分离乙醇--正丙醇二元物系浮阀式精馏塔的设计
:
进料:乙醇含量40%质量分数,下同),其余为正丙醇
分离要求:塔顶乙醇含量90%;%
生产能力:年处理乙醇-正丙醇混合液25000吨,年开工7200小时
操作条件:间接蒸汽加热;(绝压); 泡点进料; R=5

:
1. 完成该精馏塔的各工艺设计,包括设备设计及辅助设备选型。
2. 画出带控制点的工艺流程图、塔板版面布置图、精馏塔设计条件图。
3. 写出该精馏塔的设计说明书,包括设计结果汇总和设计评价。
概述
本次设计针对二元物系的精馏问题进行分析、计算、核算、绘图,是较完整的精馏设计过程。精馏设计包括设计方案的选取,主要设备的工艺设计计算、辅助设备的选型、工艺流程图的制作、主要设备的工艺条件图等内容。通过对精馏塔的核算,以保证精馏过程的顺利进行并使效率尽可能的提高。
本次设计结果为:理论板数为20块,%,精馏段实际板数为9块,提馏段实际板数为31块,实际板数40块。进料位置为第5块板,,设置了四个人孔,塔高24米,通过浮阀板的流体力学验算,证明各指标数据均符合标准。
关键词:二元精馏、浮阀精馏塔、物料衡算、流体力学验算。
目录
一、绪论·························7
二、塔板的工艺设计····················8
精馏塔全塔物料衡算·················8
乙醇和水的物性参数计算···············9
温度·······················9
密度·······················9
混合液体表面张力················12
混合物的粘度··················12
相对挥发度···················13
气液相体积流量计算···············13
理论塔板数的计算··················14
···················15
精馏段·····················16
提留段·····················16
溢流装置·····················17
堰长·····················17
方形降液管宽度和截面积···········17
降液管底隙高度················18
塔板分布、浮阀数目与排列·············18
塔板分布···················18
·················18
三、塔板的流体力学计算·················20
气相通过浮阀塔板的压降···············20
精馏段·····················20
提留段·····················21
淹塔························21
精馏段·····················21
提留段·····················22
物沫夹带······················22
精馏段·····················22
提留段·····················23
塔板负荷性能图···················23
物沫夹带线···················23
液泛线·····················24
液相负荷上限··················26
漏液线·····················26
液相负荷下限··················26
四、塔附件的设计·····················27
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