论乡土景观及其对现代景观设计的意义.docx

论乡土景观及其对现代景观设计的意义
类别:设计批判  评论(0)   浏览 (925)  2005-9-15  [原创] 
窗体顶端
标签: 设计批判  
窗体底端
On Vernacular Landscapes and their implications to Modern Landscape Architecture
发表:《华中建筑》2005(04):123-126 作者:俞孔坚王志芳黄[评论]
摘要:本文探讨了乡土景观的含义,论述了解读乡土景观对现代景观设计的意义。提出乡土景观是指当地人为了生活而采取的对自然过程和土地及土地上的空间及格局的适应方式,是此时此地人的生活方式和价值观在大地上的投影。因此乡土景观是包含土地及土地上的城镇、聚落、民居、寺庙等在内的地域综合体。这种乡土景观反映了人与自然、人与人及人与神之间的关系。乡土景观的这种理解包含几个核心的关键词:即,它是适应于当地自然和土地的,它是当地人的,它是为了生存和生活的,三者缺一不可。这可以从乡土景观的主体、客体及相互关系方面来理解。解读乡土景观对现代景观设计的意义在于理解景观是乡土经验的一种历史记载,帮助设计师用一种新的、非自我的视角,设计内在人生活的景观,从一种不自觉的、没有设计师的景观和唯设计师的景观,走向自觉的为使用者而设计的景观。
关键词:乡土景观,景观设计,平常景观,场所
Abstract:This paper discussed the meanings of vernacular landscapes and their implication to the design of modern landscape. It was argued that vernacular landscapes are shadows of human living styles and people's adaptation to both natural and cultural processes and pattern. Vernacular landscapes plexes of land, human habitats on the land including villages、towns, cities, and places of spirits. The vernacular landscapes reflect the relationships between human beings, nature and Gods. The understanding of vernacular landscapes depends on prehension of three integral parts: the people as insiders, the relationships between and people and their landscape and the landscapes themselves. The study of vernacular landscape is valuable to moder landscape architects in that it provide insights to the living style and experience of the local people, it is a transition for the designer's attitudes from the self-centered design to the users oriented landscape architecture to develop from the sunconsciouness design and designer's egotism to an conscious approach in design for the users.
Key words:vernacular landscape, landscape architecture, common landscape, place
引言 
“乡土”是一个很寻常的主题,但学界对其正式的研究却只有几十年的历史。西方国家有关乡土景观的研究起步于20世纪四五十年代,它是建筑学和考古学携手并进发展的产物(Taylor, 1992)。很多研究都隶属于文化景观的范畴。我国学者对乡土景观的关注是20世纪80年代才开始的,到90年代研究队伍逐渐壮大。研究更倾向于对我国传统聚落,有关这方面的研究,主要有地理学、建筑学、文化人类学(民族学)和考古学等四个学科。西方乡土景观研究发展