润滑油基础油.ppt

LubricantBaseOils润滑油基础油September,。position液体润滑油组成成份BaseOil基础油AdditivePackage复合添加剂80%–99%1%–20%Petroleum(mineral)原油(矿物油)Synthetic合成的Natural(vegetable)天然的(植物的)BaseOilTypes基础油类型Mineraloils(derivedfromcrudeoil)矿物油(从原油中提取)monly-binationofpropertiesneededtoprovideeffectivelubrication具有良好的有效润滑的综合特性Synthetics(esters,synthesizedhydrocarbons,etc.)人工合成油(酯类,合成烃类等)generallyusedtoprovideperformancelackingwithmineraloils通常用于弥补矿物油所缺乏的性能Naturaloils(vegetableoranimalderived)天然油(从植物或动物中提取)usuallychosenforenvironmentalconsiderations通常在考虑环境保护时使用LubricantBaseOils’ImportantProperties润滑油基础油的重要特性Viscosity粘度internalresistancetoflow–theabilitytoseparatesurfacesunderoperatingconditions流阻性-即将处于运行状态中的表层与其他层分离开的能力ViscosityIndex粘度指数resistancetochangeinviscositywithchangeintemperature温度发生变化时粘度保持不变的能力Chemicalstability化学稳定性resistancetooxidationanddegradation,especiallyathightemperature抗氧化降解的能力,anicTheory”:传统而最常见的“有机说”“,heatandtimebecamecrudeoil.”“动植物沉到几百万年之久的古老海底后,被厚厚的泥沙沉积物所覆盖,并由于化学变化、压力和温度的作用过程,anicmateriallaiddowndeterminesproduct(s)。CrudeOilOrigins原油的成因IF,predominantmaterialwas…如果主要的材料为:THEN,productwillbe…那么产品将是:Animal动物Naturalgas天然气Plant植物Crudeoil原油Often,,储层里既包含有原油也包含天然气。Crudeoils’physicalandchemicalpropertiesvaryconsiderablyfromtypetotype,andfromlocationtolocationsocrudesare“classified”byone,ormore,,因此人们采用一个或多个标准对原油进行“分类”。Traditionally,crudeoilhasbeenclassifiedby:按传统,原油的分类标准有:position化学成分Geographyinwhichitisfound产地Sulfurcontent硫含量CrudeOilClassification原油的分类Allpetroleumproducts,fuelsorlubricants,posedofhydrocarbonmolecules—,燃料或润滑油,都是由烃分子组成的,即氢原子和碳原子按照一定的化学形式结合在一起。pound化合物H20=2hydrogenatoms+