跨文化交际中的语用失误本科生毕业论文.doc

跨文化交际中的语用失误
Pragmatic Failure in the Cross-munication
摘要
随着中西方文化交流的不断扩大,跨文化交流越来越被人们所重视。不同语言和文化背景的人们要成功的进行交流,语言是基础,但语言背后的文化同样重要,有些英语学习者由于对英语国家的社会背景了解不足或者不能够结合语境来理解和使用英语,以至于在跨文化交际中产生语用失误(也就是措辞不得体,甚至不达意)。如果语言不负载文化就只能是一堆毫无意义的符号。成功的跨文化交际不仅需要外语学习者具备良好的语言能力,而且也需要了解中西文化之间的差异,所以增强对目的语的领悟力是必要的。另一方面,由于语用失误反映出语言学习者的文化背景与价值取向。也就是说,语言学习者是受不同文化背景和价值取向的影响而出现语用失误的,人们不能过于武断的指责或给它贴上“错误”的标签。其中一种理智的解决办法就是通过教师的引导,教授他们一些文化知识帮助学习者了解目的语文化与其母语文化的区别。比如英语词汇包含它特有的文化信息,像有关数字、颜色的词语在语用意义上与中文不同。此外,教师应该让学生重视委婉语和禁忌语的使用。
语用失误会造成交际双方间的误解,甚至可能被对方误认为是刻意冒犯,或缺乏教养的表现,结果造成交际中断。这就是语言教师为什么经常告诫学生要尽量避免语用失误的原因。尽管我们可以避免一些语用失误,但由于母语文化对人们根深蒂固的影响,人们在跨文化交际中不可能完全避免语用失误。所以我们应该客观的对其进行评价。
关键词:语言; 文化; 语用失误; 跨文化交际
ABSTRACT
Since China’s opening to the outside world,the cross-munication es more and more important, if people of different languages and backgrounds want municate smoothly ,language is the foundation ,and the culture which attached to the language is also important. Some English learners often make the pragmatic failures (expressing improperly or even making the wrongly understanding) during the cross-munication, for they have little knowledge about the English speaking countries’ background or they don’t know how to understand and use English according to the conversation context. If the language separated from culture, it is just a pile of symbol. The essful cross-munication needs not only the foreign language learners to have the good ability of using language but also to know the differences of the Chinese and western cultures. So a good understanding of the target language is necessary. In the other hands, because of the pragmatic failure is a kind of phenomenon which reflects the language learners’ culture background and value orientation. That’s to say, language learners make the pragmatic failure for they have different culture backgrounds and value orientation, people should not over criticize it artificially or affix to a stag “wrong” on it. One of the sensible ways to solve this problem is to g